Ruby-on-rails 无法安装 gem - 无法构建 gem 本机扩展 - 无法加载此类文件 - mkmf (LoadError)

Unable to install gem - Failed to build gem native extension - cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)

提问by Alexandre

Ruby 1.9.3

红宝石 1.9.3

The part of Gemfile

Gemfile 的部分

#...............
gem "pony"
gem "bcrypt-ruby", :require => "bcrypt"
gem "nokogiri" 
#..................

When I'm trying to install gems, I get an error

当我尝试安装 gems 时，出现错误

alex@ubuntu:~/$ bundle
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/.........
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/..
Enter your password to install the bundled RubyGems to your system: 
#####............................................................
Installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1) with native extensions 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb 
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'` succeeds before bundling.

Then I'm doing this

然后我在做这个

sudo gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing bcrypt-ruby:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out

and getting an error as well.

并得到一个错误。

What did I miss?

我错过了什么？

回答by MrYoshiji

There are similar questions:

有类似的问题：

• `require': no such file to load -- mkmf (LoadError)
• Failed to build gem native extension (mkmf (LoadError)) - Ubuntu 12.04

• `require': 没有要加载的文件——mkmf (LoadError)
• 无法构建 gem 本机扩展 (mkmf (LoadError)) - Ubuntu 12.04

Usually, the solution is:

通常，解决方法是：

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

sudo apt-get install ruby​​-dev

Or, if that doesn't work, depending on your ruby version, run something like:

或者，如果这不起作用，根据您的 ruby​​ 版本，运行如下命令：

sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

须藤 apt-get 安装 ruby​​1.9.1-dev

Should fix your problem.

应该解决你的问题。

---

---

Still not working? Try the following after installing ruby-dev:

还是行不通？安装 ruby​​-dev 后尝试以下操作：

sudo apt-get install make

sudo apt-get install make

回答by Dmitry S.

For WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) you need install build-essentialpackage:

对于 WSL（Linux 的 Windows 子系统），您需要安装build-essential包：

sudo apt install build-essential

回答by B2Pi

I had the same issue trying to install jquery-rails. The fix was

我在尝试安装 jquery-rails 时遇到了同样的问题。修复是

sudo apt-get install zlibc zlib1g zlib1g-dev

回答by hmjha

I found that I needed to install another version of ruby. So running the command

我发现我需要安装另一个版本的 ruby​​。所以运行命令

$ sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

and then attempt to install the extension

然后尝试安装扩展

If you run into issues where it is telling you that you don't have g++ you can run the following command to install it

如果您遇到它告诉您没有 g++ 的问题，您可以运行以下命令来安装它

$ sudo apt-get install g++

回答by Jerome

Just finished a 2 hour wild goose chase trying to solve this. None of the posted answers worked for me. Im on a Mac (Mojave Version 10.14.6, Xcode Version 11.3).

刚刚完成了 2 小时的野鹅追逐试图解决这个问题。没有一个已发布的答案对我有用。我在 Mac 上（Mojave 版本 10.14.6，Xcode 版本 11.3）。

It turns out the ruby file headers were missing so i had to run open /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg

事实证明 ruby​​ 文件头丢失了所以我不得不运行 open /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg

That didnt work for me at first because the version of CommandLineTools i had installed did not have the "Packages" folder. So i uninstalled and reinstalled like this:

起初这对我不起作用，因为我安装的 CommandLineTools 版本没有“Packages”文件夹。所以我像这样卸载并重新安装：

rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools

rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools

xcode-select --install

xcode-select --install

Then i ran the previous command again:

然后我再次运行上一个命令：

open /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg

open /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg

After install the error was fixed!

安装后错误已修复！

回答by NateW

In case anyone in the future had this problem, I'm using a Mac and just had to install the Command Line Tools using 'xcode-select --install'

如果将来有人遇到此问题，我使用的是 Mac，只需使用“xcode-select --install”安装命令行工具

回答by hazmat

1. Make sure ruby-devis installed
2. Make sure makeis installed
3. If you still get the error, look for suggested packages. If you are trying to install something like gem install pgyou will also need to install the lib libpq-dev(sudo apt-get install libpq-dev).

1. 确保ruby-dev已安装
2. 确保make已安装
3. 如果仍然出现错误，请查找建议的软件包。如果您尝试安装类似的东西，gem install pg您还需要安装 lib libpq-dev( sudo apt-get install libpq-dev)。

回答by KLaw

It also helps to ensure libmysqlclient-dev is installed (Ubuntu 14.04)

它还有助于确保安装 libmysqlclient-dev (Ubuntu 14.04)

回答by Mohammed

This worked for me. bundle config --global build.snappy --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix snappy)"

这对我有用。 bundle config --global build.snappy --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix snappy)"

回答by rubyu2

In Mac, for me this works:

在 Mac 中，对我来说这有效：

CONFIGURE_OPTS="--enable-shared" rbenv install 2.2.2