Python 从环境文件中读取环境变量
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Reading in environment variables from an environment file
提问by Kurt Peek
I'd like to run in a local environment a Python script which is normally run in a Docker container. The docker-compose.ymlspecifies an env_filewhich looks (partially) like the following:
我想在本地环境中运行一个通常在 Docker 容器中运行的 Python 脚本。在docker-compose.yml指定了一个env_file像下面看上去（部分）：
DB_ADDR=rethinkdb
DB_PORT=28015
DB_NAME=ipercron
In order to run this locally, I would like these lines to be converted to
为了在本地运行，我希望将这些行转换为
os.environ['DB_ADDR'] = 'rethinkdb'
os.environ['DB_PORT'] = '28015'
os.environ['DB_NAME'] = 'ipercron'
I could write my parser, but I was wondering if there are any existing modules/tools to read in environment variables from configuration files?
我可以编写我的解析器，但我想知道是否有任何现有的模块/工具可以从配置文件中读取环境变量？
回答by Moinuddin Quadri
You can use ConfigParser. Sample example can be found here.
您可以使用ConfigParser. 示例示例可以在这里找到。
But this library expects your key=valuedata to be present under some [heading]. For example, like:
但是这个库希望你的key=value数据出现在一些[heading]. 例如，像：
[mysqld]
user = mysql # Key with values
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
skip-external-locking
old_passwords = 1
skip-bdb # Key without value
skip-innodb
回答by radtek
This could also work for you:
这也适用于您：
env_vars = []
with open(env_file) as f:
for line in f:
if line.startswith('#') or not line.strip():
continue
# if 'export' not in line:
# continue
# Remove leading `export `, if you have those
# then, split name / value pair
# key, value = line.replace('export ', '', 1).strip().split('=', 1)
key, value = line.strip().split('=', 1)
# os.environ[key] = value # Load to local environ
env_vars.append({'name': key, 'value': value}) # Save to a list
print(env_vars);
In the comments you'll find a few different ways to save the env vars and also a few parsing options i.e. to get rid of leading exportkeyword. Another way would be to use the python-dotenvlibrary. Cheers.
在评论中，您会发现几种不同的方法来保存环境变量以及一些解析选项，即摆脱前导export关键字。另一种方法是使用python-dotenv库。干杯。
回答by h0tw1r3
Using only python std
仅使用 python std
import re
envre = re.compile(r'''^([^\s=]+)=(?:[\s"']*)(.+?)(?:[\s"']*)$''')
result = {}
with open('/etc/os-release') as ins:
for line in ins:
match = envre.match(line)
if match is not None:
result[match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
回答by ParisNakitaKejser
I will use https://pypi.org/project/python-dotenv/just type pip install python-dotenvand then in your code you can use
我将使用https://pypi.org/project/python-dotenv/只需键入pip install python-dotenv然后在您的代码中您就可以使用
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()
this is the way i do when i need to test code outside my docker system, and prepare it to return it into docker again.
当我需要在我的 docker 系统之外测试代码并准备将它再次返回到 docker 时，我就是这样做的。
回答by Dewald Abrie
How about this for a more compact solution:
对于更紧凑的解决方案如何：
import os
with open('.docker-compose-env', 'r') as fh:
vars_dict = dict(
tuple(line.split('='))
for line in fh.readlines() if not line.startswith('#')
)
print(vars_dict)
os.environ.update(vars_dict)
