Linux Shell - 如何查找某些命令的目录？
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Shell - How to find directory of some command?
提问by Gabriel L. Oliveira
I know that when you are on shell, the only commands that can be used are the ones that can be found on some directory set on PATH. Even I don't know how to see what dirs are on my PATH variable (and this is another good question that could be answered), what I'd like to know is:
我知道当你在 shell 上时，唯一可以使用的命令是可以在 PATH 上设置的某个目录中找到的命令。即使我不知道如何查看我的 PATH 变量上的目录（这是另一个可以回答的好问题），我想知道的是：
I come to shell and write:
我来shell写：
$ lshw
I want to know a command on shell that can tell me WHERE this command is located. In other words, where this "executable file" is located?
我想知道 shell 上的一个命令，它可以告诉我这个命令所在的位置。换句话说，这个“可执行文件”在哪里？
Something like:
就像是：
$ location lshw
/usr/bin
Anyone?
任何人？
采纳答案by Paused until further notice.
If you're using Bash or zsh, use this:
如果您使用 Bash 或 zsh，请使用以下命令：
type -a lshw
This will show whether the target is a builtin, a function, an alias or an external executable. If the latter, it will show each place it appears in your PATH.
这将显示目标是内置函数、函数、别名还是外部可执行文件。如果是后者，它将显示它出现在您的PATH.
bash$ type -a lshw
lshw is /usr/bin/lshw
bash$ type -a ls
ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'
ls is /bin/ls
bash$ zsh
zsh% type -a which
which is a shell builtin
which is /usr/bin/which
In Bash, for functions type -awill also display the function definition. You can use declare -f functionnameto do the same thing (you have to use that for zsh, since type -adoesn't).
在 Bash 中，for 函数type -a也会显示函数定义。你可以declare -f functionname用来做同样的事情（你必须将它用于 zsh，因为type -a没有）。
回答by Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams
Like this:
像这样：
which lshw
To see all of the commands that match in your path:
要查看路径中匹配的所有命令：
which -a lshw
回答by Hyman
~$ echo $PATH
/home/Hyman/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games
~$ whereis lshw
lshw: /usr/bin/lshw /usr/share/man/man1/lshw.1.gz
回答by hasen
PATHis an environment variable, and can be displayed with the echo command:
PATH是一个环境变量，可以用 echo 命令显示：
echo $PATH
It's a list of paths separated by the colon character ':'
它是由冒号字符 ' :'分隔的路径列表
The whichcommand tells you which file gets executed when you run a command:
该which命令会告诉您运行命令时将执行哪个文件：
which lshw
sometimes what you get is a path to a symlink; if you want to trace that link to where the actual executable lives, you can use readlinkand feed it the output of which:
有时你得到的是一个符号链接的路径；如果您想跟踪该链接到实际可执行文件所在的位置，您可以使用readlink以下输出并将其提供给它which：
readlink -f $(which lshw)
The -fparameter instructs readlinkto keep following the symlink recursively.
该-f参数指示readlink递归跟踪符号链接。
Here's an example from my machine:
这是我机器上的一个例子：
$ which firefox
/usr/bin/firefox
$ readlink -f $(which firefox)
/usr/lib/firefox-3.6.3/firefox.sh
回答by mpez0
The Korn shell, ksh, offers the whencebuilt-in, which identifies other shell built-ins, macros, etc. The whichcommand is more portable, however.
Korn shellksh提供了whence内置命令，它标识了其他 shell 内置which命令、宏等。但是，该命令更具可移植性。
回答by Pierz
In the TENEX C Shell, tcsh, one can list a command's location(s), or if it is a built-in command, using the wherecommand e.g.:
在 TENEX C Shell 中，tcsh，可以列出命令的位置，或者如果它是内置命令，则使用where命令，例如：
tcsh% where python
/usr/local/bin/python
/usr/bin/python
tcsh% where cd
cd is a shell built-in
/usr/bin/cd
回答by Marinos An
An alternative to type -ais command -V
一个替代方案type -a是command -V
Since most of the times I am interested in the first result only, I also pipe from head. This way the screen will not flood with code in case of a bash function.
因为大多数时候我只对第一个结果感兴趣，所以我也从头开始。这样，在 bash 函数的情况下，屏幕不会充斥着代码。
command -V lshw | head -n1
