Android 进一步理解 setRetainInstance(true)

Further understanding setRetainInstance(true)

提问by Timmmm

What exactlyhappens when you call setRetainInstance(true)on a Fragment? The documentation is virtually non-existent and this seems like a very important function. Specifically I want to know how much of this sequence (that I made up) is true:

什么究竟，当你调用发生setRetainInstance(true)在Fragment？文档几乎不存在，这似乎是一个非常重要的功能。具体来说，我想知道这个序列（我编造的）中有多少是正确的：

1. The user rotates the device.
2. The fragment is detached from the Activityand Fragment.onDetach()is called.
3. The activity is destroyed; Activity.onDestroy()is called.
4. The Activityjava object is deleted (when possible, by the GC).
5. A new Activityjava object is created; its constructor, and onCreate()are called.
6. In Activity.onCreate()we either have setContentView(...)which sets a layout containing a fragment, or we use FragmentTransactionto add a fragment.
7. I'm really not sure about this, but I assume that android is smart enough to find the old fragment, and call Fragment.onAttach()to reattach it to the new Activity
8. Next (or before? who knows?) Activity.onResume()is called.

1. 用户旋转设备。
2. 该片段从分离Activity和Fragment.onDetach()被调用。
3. 活动被破坏；Activity.onDestroy()叫做。
4. 所述Activityjava对象被删除（如果可能，通过GC）。
5. 一个新的Activityjava对象被创建；它的构造函数，并被onCreate()调用。
6. 在Activity.onCreate()我们要么具有setContentView(...)其中设置包含片段的布局，或我们使用FragmentTransaction添加的片段。
7. 我真的不确定这一点，但我认为 android 足够聪明，可以找到旧片段，并调用Fragment.onAttach()将其重新附加到新片段Activity
8. 下一个（或之前？谁知道？）Activity.onResume()被调用。

So is that correct? Is Android smart enough to find the old fragment, even if I explicitly use FragmentTransaction.add(new MyFragment(), ...)the first time? And if so, how do I avoid adding anotherfragment in onCreate()? Do I need to do something like this?:

那么正确吗？即使我FragmentTransaction.add(new MyFragment(), ...)第一次明确使用，Android 是否足够智能以找到旧片段？如果是这样，我如何避免在 中添加另一个片段onCreate()？我需要做这样的事情吗？：

    if (getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("foo") == null)
    {
        FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        ft.add(new FooFragment(), "foo").commit();
    }

采纳答案by Timmmm

Ok, perhaps I was slightly too harsh on the Android documentation, because it does have some useful information, but sadly none of it is linked from setRetainInstance(). From the page about fragments

好吧，也许我对 Android 文档有点过于苛刻，因为它确实有一些有用的信息，但遗憾的是没有一个链接来自setRetainInstance(). 从关于片段的页面

Note: Each fragment requires a unique identifier that the system can use to restore the fragment if the activity is restarted (and which you can use to capture the fragment to perform transactions, such as remove it). There are three ways to provide an ID for a fragment:

• Supply the android:id attribute with a unique ID.
• Supply the android:tag attribute with a unique string.
• If you provide neither of the previous two, the system uses the ID of the container view.

注意：每个片段都需要一个唯一标识符，如果活动重新启动，系统可以使用该标识符来恢复片段（并且您可以使用它来捕获片段以执行事务，例如将其删除）。可以通过三种方式为片段提供 ID：

• 提供具有唯一 ID 的 android:id 属性。
• 提供具有唯一字符串的 android:tag 属性。
• 如果前两个都没有提供，系统会使用容器视图的ID。

This strongly implies that if you do setContentView(R.layout.whatever)in Activity.onCreated()and that layout contains a fragment with setRetainInstance(true), then when the activity is recreated it will be searched for again using its id or tag.

这强烈暗示，如果你做setContentView(R.layout.whatever)的Activity.onCreated()和该布局包含一个片段setRetainInstance(true)，那么当活动被重新将搜索再次使用其ID或标签。

Secondly, for UI-less fragments, it states

其次，对于无 UI 的片段，它指出

To add a fragment without a UI, add the fragment from the activity using add(Fragment, String) (supplying a unique string "tag" for the fragment, rather than a view ID). This adds the fragment, but, because it's not associated with a view in the activity layout, it does not receive a call to onCreateView(). So you don't need to implement that method.

要添加没有 UI 的片段，请使用 add(Fragment, String)（为片段提供唯一的字符串“标签”，而不是视图 ID）从活动中添加片段。这会添加片段，但是，因为它不与活动布局中的视图相关联，所以它不会收到对 onCreateView() 的调用。所以你不需要实现那个方法。

And the docs link to a very good example - FragmentRetainInstance.javawhich I have reproduced below for your convenience. It does exactly what I speculated was the answer in my question (if (...findFragmentByTag() == null) { ...).

并且文档链接到一个非常好的示例 -FragmentRetainInstance.java为了您的方便，我在下面复制了该示例。它完全符合我在我的问题 ( if (...findFragmentByTag() == null) { ...) 中所推测的答案。

Finally, I created my own test activity to see exactly what functions are called. It outputs this, when you start in portrait and rotate to landscape. The code is below.

最后，我创建了自己的测试活动来准确查看调用了哪些函数。当您以纵向开始并旋转到横向时，它会输出此内容。代码如下。

(This is edited a bit to make it easier to read.)

（这被编辑了一点，以使其更容易阅读。）

TestActivity@415a4a30: this()
TestActivity@415a4a30: onCreate()
TestActivity@415a4a30: Existing fragment not found.
TestFragment{41583008}: this() TestFragment{41583008}
TestFragment{41583008}: onAttach(TestActivity@415a4a30)
TestFragment{41583008}: onCreate()
TestFragment{41583008}: onCreateView()
TestFragment{41583008}: onActivityCreated()
TestActivity@415a4a30: onStart()
TestFragment{41583008}: onStart()
TestActivity@415a4a30: onResume()
TestFragment{41583008}: onResume()

<rotate device>

TestFragment{41583008}: onPause()
TestActivity@415a4a30: onPause()
TestFragment{41583008}: onStop()
TestActivity@415a4a30: onStop()
TestFragment{41583008}: onDestroyView()
TestFragment{41583008}: onDetach()
TestActivity@415a4a30: onDestroy()
TestActivity@415a3380: this()
TestFragment{41583008}: onAttach(TestActivity@415a3380)
TestActivity@415a3380: onCreate()
TestActivity@415a3380: Existing fragment found.
TestFragment{41583008}: onCreateView()
TestFragment{41583008}: onActivityCreated()
TestActivity@415a3380: onStart()
TestFragment{41583008}: onStart()
TestActivity@415a3380: onResume()
TestFragment{41583008}: onResume()

Note that the Android documentation is wrong: the UI-less fragment doesreceive a call to onCreateView()but it is free to return null.

请注意，Android 文档是错误的：无 UI 片段确实收到了对 的调用，onCreateView()但可以自由地返回null。

Source code for TestActivity/TestFragment

TestActivity/的源代码TestFragment

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.concentriclivers.ss.R;

// An activity for understanding Android lifecycle events.
public class TestActivity extends Activity
{
    private static final String TAG = TestActivity.class.getSimpleName();

    public TestActivity()
    {
        super();
        Log.d(TAG, this + ": this()");
    }

    protected void finalize() throws Throwable
    {
        super.finalize();
        Log.d(TAG, this + ": finalize()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Log.d(TAG, this + ": onCreate()");


        TextView tv = new TextView(this);
        tv.setText("Hello world");
        setContentView(tv);

        if (getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("test_fragment") == null)
        {
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": Existing fragment not found.");
            FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            ft.add(new TestFragment(), "test_fragment").commit();
        }
        else
        {
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": Existing fragment found.");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart()
    {
        super.onStart();
        Log.d(TAG, this + ": onStart()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume()
    {
        super.onResume();
        Log.d(TAG, this + ": onResume()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause()
    {
        super.onPause();
        Log.d(TAG, this + ": onPause()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop()
    {
        super.onStop();
        Log.d(TAG, this + ": onStop()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy()
    {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.d(TAG, this + ": onDestroy()");
    }




    public static class TestFragment extends Fragment
    {
        private static final String TAG = TestFragment.class.getSimpleName();

        public TestFragment()
        {
            super();
            Log.d(TAG,  this + ": this() " + this);
        }

        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
        {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onCreate()");
            setRetainInstance(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void onAttach(final Activity activity)
        {
            super.onAttach(activity);
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onAttach(" + activity + ")");
        }

        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState)
        {
            super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onActivityCreated()");
        }

        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)
        {
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onCreateView()");
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState)
        {
            super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onViewCreated()");
        }

        @Override
        public void onDestroyView()
        {
            super.onDestroyView();
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onDestroyView()");
        }

        @Override
        public void onDetach()
        {
            super.onDetach();
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onDetach()");
        }

        @Override
        public void onStart()
        {
            super.onStart();
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onStart()");
        }

        @Override
        public void onResume()
        {
            super.onResume();
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onResume()");
        }

        @Override
        public void onPause()
        {
            super.onPause();
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onPause()");
        }

        @Override
        public void onStop()
        {
            super.onStop();
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onStop()");
        }

        @Override
        public void onDestroy()
        {
            super.onDestroy();
            Log.d(TAG, this + ": onDestroy()");
        }
    }

}

Source code for FragmentRetainInstance.java(as of API 16):

源代码FragmentRetainInstance.java（从 API 16 开始）：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.android.apis.app;

import com.example.android.apis.R;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

/**
 * This example shows how you can use a Fragment to easily propagate state
 * (such as threads) across activity instances when an activity needs to be
 * restarted due to, for example, a configuration change.  This is a lot
 * easier than using the raw Activity.onRetainNonConfiguratinInstance() API.
 */
public class FragmentRetainInstance extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        // First time init, create the UI.
        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content,
                    new UiFragment()).commit();
        }
    }

    /**
     * This is a fragment showing UI that will be updated from work done
     * in the retained fragment.
     */
    public static class UiFragment extends Fragment {
        RetainedFragment mWorkFragment;

        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_retain_instance, container, false);

            // Watch for button clicks.
            Button button = (Button)v.findViewById(R.id.restart);
            button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    mWorkFragment.restart();
                }
            });

            return v;
        }

        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

            FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();

            // Check to see if we have retained the worker fragment.
            mWorkFragment = (RetainedFragment)fm.findFragmentByTag("work");

            // If not retained (or first time running), we need to create it.
            if (mWorkFragment == null) {
                mWorkFragment = new RetainedFragment();
                // Tell it who it is working with.
                mWorkFragment.setTargetFragment(this, 0);
                fm.beginTransaction().add(mWorkFragment, "work").commit();
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * This is the Fragment implementation that will be retained across
     * activity instances.  It represents some ongoing work, here a thread
     * we have that sits around incrementing a progress indicator.
     */
    public static class RetainedFragment extends Fragment {
        ProgressBar mProgressBar;
        int mPosition;
        boolean mReady = false;
        boolean mQuiting = false;

        /**
         * This is the thread that will do our work.  It sits in a loop running
         * the progress up until it has reached the top, then stops and waits.
         */
        final Thread mThread = new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // We'll figure the real value out later.
                int max = 10000;

                // This thread runs almost forever.
                while (true) {

                    // Update our shared state with the UI.
                    synchronized (this) {
                        // Our thread is stopped if the UI is not ready
                        // or it has completed its work.
                        while (!mReady || mPosition >= max) {
                            if (mQuiting) {
                                return;
                            }
                            try {
                                wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            }
                        }

                        // Now update the progress.  Note it is important that
                        // we touch the progress bar with the lock held, so it
                        // doesn't disappear on us.
                        mPosition++;
                        max = mProgressBar.getMax();
                        mProgressBar.setProgress(mPosition);
                    }

                    // Normally we would be doing some work, but put a kludge
                    // here to pretend like we are.
                    synchronized (this) {
                        try {
                            wait(50);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        /**
         * Fragment initialization.  We way we want to be retained and
         * start our thread.
         */
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

            // Tell the framework to try to keep this fragment around
            // during a configuration change.
            setRetainInstance(true);

            // Start up the worker thread.
            mThread.start();
        }

        /**
         * This is called when the Fragment's Activity is ready to go, after
         * its content view has been installed; it is called both after
         * the initial fragment creation and after the fragment is re-attached
         * to a new activity.
         */
        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

            // Retrieve the progress bar from the target's view hierarchy.
            mProgressBar = (ProgressBar)getTargetFragment().getView().findViewById(
                    R.id.progress_horizontal);

            // We are ready for our thread to go.
            synchronized (mThread) {
                mReady = true;
                mThread.notify();
            }
        }

        /**
         * This is called when the fragment is going away.  It is NOT called
         * when the fragment is being propagated between activity instances.
         */
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            // Make the thread go away.
            synchronized (mThread) {
                mReady = false;
                mQuiting = true;
                mThread.notify();
            }

            super.onDestroy();
        }

        /**
         * This is called right before the fragment is detached from its
         * current activity instance.
         */
        @Override
        public void onDetach() {
            // This fragment is being detached from its activity.  We need
            // to make sure its thread is not going to touch any activity
            // state after returning from this function.
            synchronized (mThread) {
                mProgressBar = null;
                mReady = false;
                mThread.notify();
            }

            super.onDetach();
        }

        /**
         * API for our UI to restart the progress thread.
         */
        public void restart() {
            synchronized (mThread) {
                mPosition = 0;
                mThread.notify();
            }
        }
    }
}

回答by S.D.

setRetainInstance()in Fragmentclass is a clever replacement for onRetainCustomNonConfigurationInstance()of Activityclass, and more.

setRetainInstance()in Fragmentclass 是onRetainCustomNonConfigurationInstance()of Activityclass的巧妙替代，等等。

Clearly stated in the documentation.

文档中明确说明。

Here's Log of what happens (A UI fragment add on demand and then a config change):

这是发生的事情的日志（按需添加 UI 片段，然后更改配置）：

Default setRetainInstance(false)

默认 setRetainInstance(false)

09-29 13:23:04.771: DEBUG/szipinf(4790): Initializing inflate state
09-29 13:23:04.801: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): Instantiated - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:04.851: DEBUG/dalvikvm(4790): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 49K, 51% free 2686K/5379K, external 0K/0K, paused 45ms
09-29 13:23:04.881: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onCreate - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:04.881: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onStart - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:04.881: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onResume - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:04.891: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onAttachedToWindow - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:10.381: DEBUG/dalvikvm(4457): GC_EXPLICIT freed 8K, 51% free 2681K/5379K, external 0K/0K, paused 38ms
09-29 13:23:11.901: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): Instantiated - MyFragment{40530610}
09-29 13:23:11.911: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onAttach - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:11.911: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onAttachFragment - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:11.911: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onCreate - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:11.911: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onCreateView - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:11.921: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onViewCreated - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:11.921: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onActivityCreated - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:11.931: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onStart - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:11.931: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onResume - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.081: INFO/ActivityManager(1268): Config changed: { scale=1.0 imsi=404/45 loc=en_US touch=3 keys=1/1/2 nav=1/1 orien=2 layout=34 uiMode=17 seq=105 themeResource=null}
09-29 13:23:15.111: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onSaveInstanceState - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:15.111: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onPause - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.121: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onPause - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:15.121: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onStop - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.121: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onStop - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:15.121: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onRetainCustomNonConfigurationInstance - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:15.121: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onDestroyView - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.121: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onDestroy - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.121: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onDetach - MyFragment{40530610 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.121: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onDestroy - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:15.191: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onDetachedFromWindow - com.example.MyActivity@405196b0
09-29 13:23:15.201: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): Instantiated - com.example.MyActivity@4053c438
09-29 13:23:15.201: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): Instantiated - MyFragment{4053cde0}
09-29 13:23:15.201: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onAttach - MyFragment{4053cde0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.201: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onAttachFragment - com.example.MyActivity@4053c438
09-29 13:23:15.201: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onCreate - MyFragment{4053cde0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.251: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onCreate - com.example.MyActivity@4053c438
09-29 13:23:15.251: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onCreateView - MyFragment{4053cde0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.261: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onViewCreated - MyFragment{4053cde0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.261: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onActivityCreated - MyFragment{4053cde0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.291: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onStart - MyFragment{4053cde0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.291: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onStart - com.example.MyActivity@4053c438
09-29 13:23:15.291: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onResume - com.example.MyActivity@4053c438
09-29 13:23:15.291: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4790): onResume - MyFragment{4053cde0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:23:15.321: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4790): onAttachedToWindow - com.example.MyActivity@4053c438

So, Fragment is recreated whole new, and shown again, all this while setRetainInstance(false)

所以， Fragment 被重新创建，并再次显示，一直以来 setRetainInstance(false)

And now with setRetainInstance(true)

现在有了 setRetainInstance(true)

09-29 13:18:46.121: INFO/ActivityManager(1268): Starting: Intent { flg=0x10100000 cmp=com.example/.MyActivity } from pid 1268
09-29 13:18:46.141: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): Instantiated - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:18:46.161: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onCreate - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:18:46.161: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onStart - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:18:46.161: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onResume - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:18:46.191: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onAttachedToWindow - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:19:10.431: DEBUG/SntpClient(1268): request time failed: java.net.UnknownHostException: europe.pool.ntp.org
09-29 13:19:14.251: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): Instantiated - MyFragment{405288c0}
09-29 13:19:14.271: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onAttach - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:14.271: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onAttachFragment - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:19:14.271: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onCreate - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:14.281: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onCreateView - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:14.281: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onViewCreated - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:14.281: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onActivityCreated - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:14.291: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onStart - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:14.291: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onResume - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:21.921: INFO/ActivityManager(1268): Config changed: { scale=1.0 imsi=404/45 loc=en_US touch=3 keys=1/1/2 nav=1/1 orien=2 layout=34 uiMode=17 seq=103 themeResource=null}
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onSaveInstanceState - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onPause - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onPause - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onStop - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onStop - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onRetainCustomNonConfigurationInstance - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onDestroyView - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onDetach - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:21.961: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onDestroy - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:19:22.111: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onDetachedFromWindow - com.example.MyActivity@4056f2e0
09-29 13:19:22.111: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): Instantiated - com.example.MyActivity@4054a0e8
09-29 13:19:22.111: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onAttach - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.111: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onAttachFragment - com.example.MyActivity@4054a0e8
09-29 13:19:22.131: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onCreate - com.example.MyActivity@4054a0e8
09-29 13:19:22.131: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onCreateView - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.131: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onViewCreated - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.131: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onActivityCreated - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.141: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onStart - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.141: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onStart - com.example.MyActivity@4054a0e8
09-29 13:19:22.141: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onResume - com.example.MyActivity@4054a0e8
09-29 13:19:22.141: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onResume - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.171: INFO/TESTING - MYACTIVITY(4726): onAttachedToWindow - com.example.MyActivity@4054a0e8
09-29 13:19:22.181: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onPause - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.181: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onStop - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.181: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onDestroyView - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.181: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onDestroy - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}
09-29 13:19:22.181: INFO/TESTING - MYFRAGMENT(4726): onDetach - MyFragment{405288c0 #0 MyFragment}

Noticed the effect ? Fragment instance (object 405288c0) was retained which is good. But the retained instance is very likely to hold resources and views and objects that belonged to previous orientations, which might lead to memory leaks.

注意到效果了吗？保留了片段实例（对象 405288c0），这很好。但是保留的实例很可能会持有属于以前方向的资源和视图和对象，这可能会导致内存泄漏。

Further care must be taken where you write the code to initiate this fragment: you must always check for pre-existing instance.

在编写代码以启动此片段时必须更加小心：您必须始终检查预先存在的实例。

Moral of the story: setRetainInstance()is best used for non visual fragments.

故事的寓意：setRetainInstance()最适合用于非视觉片段。

回答by Uri Goo

So you can code in protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) at activity class

所以你可以在活动类的 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 中编码

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    // add code findViewById...etc
    .....
    // add your fragment in code, IT WILL BE NOT CHANGE
    if(savedInstanceState==null){
        FragmentA a_fragment = new FragmentA();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.your_layout_id, a_fragment);
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }

}

Instead of

代替

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    // add code findViewById...etc
    .....
    // add your fragment and not check savedInstanceState IT WILL BE CHANGE
    FragmentA a_fragment = new FragmentA();
    FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
    fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.your_layout_id, a_fragment);
    fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
    fragmentTransaction.commit();


}

Remember

记住

public View onCreateView(...) {

 // Remember add this line
 setRetainInstance(true);

 return root;
 }