如何使用 jq 将 JSON 字符串格式化为表格？
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时间：2020-09-03 18:34:59 来源:igfitidea点击:
How to format a JSON string as a table using jq?
提问by Rein
Just started out with Bash scripting and stumbled upon jq to work with JSON.
刚开始使用 Bash 脚本编写并偶然发现 jq 可以使用 JSON。
I need to transform a JSON string like below to a table for output in the terminal.
我需要将如下所示的 JSON 字符串转换为表格以在终端中输出。
[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Hyman",
"id": 18,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "[email protected]"
}]
What I want to display in the terminal:
我想在终端中显示的内容：
ID Name
=================
12 George
18 Hyman
19 Joe
Notice how I don't want to display the email property for each row, so the jq command should involve some filtering. The following gives me a plain list of names and id's:
注意我不想显示每一行的 email 属性，所以 jq 命令应该涉及一些过滤。以下为我提供了一个简单的名称和 ID 列表：
list=$(echo "$data" | jq -r '.[] | .name, .id')
printf "$list"
The problem with that is, I cannot display it like a table. I know jq has some formatting options, but not nearly as good as the options I have when using printf. I think I want to get these values in an array which I can then loop through myself to do the formatting...? The things I tried give me varying results, but never what I really want.
问题是，我不能像表格一样显示它。我知道 jq 有一些格式选项，但不如我使用printf. 我想我想在一个数组中获取这些值，然后我可以循环自己来进行格式化......？我尝试的事情给了我不同的结果，但从来没有我真正想要的。
Can someone point me in the right direction?
有人可以指出我正确的方向吗？
采纳答案by sjsam
Why not something like :
为什么不是这样的：
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Hyman",
"id": 18,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "[email protected]"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | "\(.id)\t\(.name)"'
Output
输出
12 George
18 Hyman
19 Joe
Edit 1 :For fine grained formatting use tools like awk
编辑 1：对于细粒度格式，请使用类似的工具awk
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Hyman",
"id": 18,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "[email protected]"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name] | @csv' | awk -v FS="," 'BEGIN{print "ID\tName";print "============"}{printf "%s\t%s%s",,,ORS}'
ID Name
============
12 "George"
18 "Hyman"
19 "Joe"
Edit 2 :In reply to
编辑2：回复
There's no way I can get a variable containing an array straight from jq?
我无法直接从 jq 获取包含数组的变量？
Why not?
为什么不？
A bit involved example( in fact modified from yours ) where email is changed to an array demonstrates this
一个有点涉及的例子（实际上是从你的修改而来的），其中电子邮件被更改为数组演示了这一点
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 20,
"email": [ "[email protected]" , "[email protected]" ]
}, {
"name": "Hyman",
"id": 18,
"email": [ "[email protected]" , "[email protected]" ]
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": [ "[email protected]" ]
}]' | jq -r '.[] | .email'
Output
输出
[
"[email protected]",
"[email protected]"
]
[
"[email protected]",
"[email protected]"
]
[
"[email protected]"
]
回答by peak
Using the @tsvfilter has much to recommend it, mainly because it handles numerous "edge cases" in a standard way:
使用@tsv过滤器有很多值得推荐的地方，主要是因为它以标准方式处理许多“边缘情况”：
.[] | [.id, .name] | @tsv
Adding the headers can be done like so:
添加标题可以这样完成：
jq -r '["ID","NAME"], ["--","------"], (.[] | [.id, .name]) | @tsv'
The result:
结果：
ID NAME
-- ------
12 George
18 Hyman
19 Joe
length*"-"
length*"-"
To automate the production of the line of dashes:
要自动生成虚线：
jq -r '(["ID","NAME"] | (., map(length*"-"))), (.[] | [.id, .name]) | @tsv'
回答by Ярослав Рахматуллин
Defining headers by hand is suboptimal! Omitting headers is also suboptimal.
手动定义标题是次优的！省略标题也是次优的。
TL;DR
TL; 博士
data
数据
[{ "name": "George", "id": 12, "email": "[email protected]" },
{ "name": "Hyman", "id": 18, "email": "[email protected]" },
{ "name": "Joe", "id": 19, "email": "[email protected]" }]
script
脚本
[.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
| (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv)
, (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv)
how to run
怎么跑
$ < data jq -rf script | column -t
name id email
George 12 [email protected]
Hyman 18 [email protected]
Joe 19 [email protected]
I found this question while summarizng some data from amazon web services. The problem I was working on, in case you want another example:
我在总结来自亚马逊网络服务的一些数据时发现了这个问题。我正在解决的问题，如果你想要另一个例子：
$ aws ec2 describe-spot-instance-requests | tee /tmp/ins |
jq --raw-output '
# extract instances as a flat list.
[.SpotInstanceRequests | .[]
# remove unwanted data
| {
State,
statusCode: .Status.Code,
type: .LaunchSpecification.InstanceType,
blockPrice: .ActualBlockHourlyPrice,
created: .CreateTime,
SpotInstanceRequestId}
]
# lowercase keys
# (for predictable sorting, optional)
| [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
| (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv) # print headers
, (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv) # print table
' | column -t
Output:
输出：
state statuscode type blockprice created spotinstancerequestid
closed instance-terminated-by-user t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z sir-r5bh7skq
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z sir-1k9s5h3m
closed instance-terminated-by-user t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z sir-43x16b6n
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z sir-2jsh5brn
active fulfilled t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z sir-z1e9591m
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z sir-n7c15y5p
Input:
输入：
$ cat /tmp/ins
{
"SpotInstanceRequests": [
{
"Status": {
"Message": "2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.",
"Code": "instance-terminated-by-user",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:31:03.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:21:36.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-0414083bef5e91d94",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-r5bh7skq",
"State": "closed",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.008000"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:48.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:51:47.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda",
"Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-1k9s5h3m",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.",
"Code": "instance-terminated-by-user",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:03:34.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:55:26.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-010442ac3cc85ec08",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-43x16b6n",
"State": "closed",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:24.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:29:23.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Addressing type must be 'public'",
"Code": "InvalidParameterCombination"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-2jsh5brn",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your spot request is fulfilled.",
"Code": "fulfilled",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:28.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:37:26.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-0a29e9de6d59d433f",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-z1e9591m",
"State": "active",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.008000"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:43.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:33:42.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda",
"Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-n7c15y5p",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
}
]
}
回答by Micha Wiedenmann
If the values don't contain spaces, this might be helpful:
如果值不包含空格，这可能会有所帮助：
read -r -a data <<<'name1 value1 name2 value2'
echo "name value"
echo "=========="
for ((i=0; i<${#data[@]}; i+=2)); do
echo ${data[$i]} ${data[$((i+1))]}
done
Output
输出
name value
==========
name1 value1
name2 value2
