Bash：使用 -depth 和 -prune 查找以提供 cpio
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Bash: find with -depth and -prune to feed cpio
提问by Luis
I'm building a backup script where some directories should not be included in the backup archive.
我正在构建一个备份脚本，其中某些目录不应包含在备份存档中。
cd /;
find . -maxdepth 2 \
\( -path './sys' -o -path './dev' -o -path './proc' -o -path './media' -o -path './mnt' \) -prune \
-o -print
This finds only the files and directories I want.
这只会找到我想要的文件和目录。
Problem is that cpioshould be fed with the following option in order to avoid problems with permissions when restoring files.
问题是cpio应该提供以下选项，以避免在恢复文件时出现权限问题。
find ... -depth ....
And if I add the -depthoption, returned files and directories include those I want to avoid.
如果我添加该-depth选项，返回的文件和目录将包含我想要避免的文件和目录。
I really don't understand these sentences from the find manual:
我真的不明白查找手册中的这些句子：
-prune True; if the file is a directory, do not descend into it. If
-depth is given, false; no effect. Because -delete implies
-depth, you cannot usefully use -prune and -delete together.
采纳答案by jaypal singh
I am quoting a passage from this tutorial which might offer better understanding of -pruneoption of find.
我引用本教程其可能会提供更好的理解通路-prune的选择find。
It is important to understand how to prevent find from going too far. The important option in this case is
-prune. This option confuses people because it is always true. It has a side-effect that is important. If the file being looked at is a directory, it will not travel down the directory. Here is an example that lists all files in a directory but does not look at any files in subdirectories under the top level:
了解如何防止 find 走得太远很重要。在这种情况下，重要的选项是
-prune. 这个选项让人们感到困惑，因为它总是正确的。它有一个很重要的副作用。如果正在查看的文件是一个目录，则它不会沿着目录向下移动。这是一个示例，它列出了目录中的所有文件，但不查看顶级下子目录中的任何文件：
find * -type f -print -o -type d -prune
This will print all plain files and prune the search at all directories. To print files except for those in a Source Code Control Directories, use:
这将打印所有纯文件并修剪所有目录中的搜索。要打印源代码控制目录中的文件以外的文件，请使用：
find . -print -o -name SCCS -prune
If the -o option is excluded, the SCCS directory will be printed along with the other files.
如果排除 -o 选项，SCCS 目录将与其他文件一起打印。
