ios 如何获取用于 SSL 固定的公钥哈希？
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原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/40404963/
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How do I get public key hash for SSL pinning?
提问by mylogon
How would I get the hash of a public certificate's info to be able to perform SSL Pinning in my application?
我如何获取公共证书信息的哈希值以便能够在我的应用程序中执行 SSL 固定？
I am using TrustKit in my iOS application and it is asking for me to set the hash that I am expecting. Where can I get this from?
我在我的 iOS 应用程序中使用 TrustKit，它要求我设置我期望的哈希值。我可以从哪里得到这个？
采纳答案by Anand Bhat
If it is a public website, you can use SSL Labs server testwhich computes and displays the pin.
如果是公共网站，您可以使用计算并显示 pin 的SSL Labs 服务器测试。
The Public Key Pinning pageover at the Mozilla Developer Network also has commands for obtaining the pin from a key file, a certificate signing request, a certificate or a website (this is the one in @mylogon's answer).
该公共密钥钢钉页面上的Mozilla开发者网络上也有用于从密钥文件，证书签名请求，证书或网站获得销命令（这是一个在@ mylogon的答案）。
回答by Ian Boyd
Since this is a programmingweb-site, i wanted to explain how to calculate the public key hash for Public Key Pinning. This is important because the algorithm is completely undocumented. (It's not even documented by the canonical RFC 7469Public Key Pinning Extension for HTTP!The RFC simply says "Use OpenSSL". That is a non-answer.)
由于这是一个编程网站，我想解释如何计算公钥固定的公钥哈希。这很重要，因为该算法完全没有文档记录。（它甚至没有被规范的RFC 7469 HTTP 公钥固定扩展记录！RFC 只是说“使用 OpenSSL”。这是一个非答案。）
tl;dr: Base64(SHA256(SubjectPublicKeyInfo))
tl；博士：Base64(SHA256(SubjectPublicKeyInfo))
A Certificate is not (just) a public key
证书不仅仅是（只是）公钥
The first important thing to realize is that a public key is just a number (e.g. 2,048 bit number for RSA). A certificate is a collection of a lot of additional information (subject names, hashes, digital signatures).
要意识到的第一件重要事情是公钥只是一个数字（例如 RSA 的 2,048 位数字）。证书是许多附加信息（主题名称、哈希值、数字签名）的集合。
This means that:
这意味着：
- a public key is a number
- a certificate associates a web-site with that number (e.g. stackoverflow.com)
- 公钥是一个数字
- 证书将网站与该号码相关联（例如 stackoverflow.com）
A public-key pin contains a hash of the public key. It is not the hash of the certificate. This lets you renew certificates while keeping your same public key.
一个公开密钥针包含的哈希公钥。它不是证书的哈希值。这使您可以在保留相同公钥的同时更新证书。
The Certificate structure
证书结构
We need to extract the public key from a certificate, so we need to know its structure. The structure of a certificate is documented (horribly) in RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile
我们需要从证书中提取公钥，所以我们需要知道它的结构。RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile 中记录了证书的结构（可怕）
In programming terms, a Certificate is:
在编程方面，证书是：
struct Certificate {
TBSCertificate tbsCertificate,
AlgorithmIdentifier signatureAlgorithm,
BITSTRING signatureValue
}
And it's the SubjectPublicKeyInfoinside the tbsCertificatethat contains what we're after:
它的SubjectPublicKeyInfo内部tbsCertificate包含我们所追求的东西：
struct TBSCertificate {
EXPLICIT version,
CertificateSerialNumber serialNumber,
AlgorithmIdentifier signature,
Name issuer,
Validity validity,
Name subject,
SubjectPublicKeyInfo subjectPublicKeyInfo,
//...optional extra stuff...
}
We need to take the SHA256 of the raw subjectPublicKeyInfo.
我们需要获取原始subjectPublicKeyInfo的 SHA256 。
digest = SHA256(certificate.tbsCertificate.subjectPublicKeyInfo);
That value, base64 encoded, becomes the value we put in our web-server response headers:
这个值，base64 编码，成为我们放在我们的 web 服务器响应头中的值：
String pin = String.Format("max-age=%d; pin-sha256=\"%s\"",
31536000, //1 year
System.Convert.ToBase64(digest));
response.Headers.Add("Public-Key-Pins", pin);
For example:
例如：
Public-Key-Pins: max-age=31536000;?pin-sha256="hUIG87ch71EZQYhZBEkq2VKBLjhussUw7nR8wyuY7rY=";
But what do i actually hash?
但我实际上是什么哈希？
As an example of calculating the PKP SHA256 hash, i am going to use the current certificate of Facebook.com. You can browse to Facebook, view the certificate, and save it in a base64 encoded DER PEM:
作为计算 PKP SHA256 哈希的示例，我将使用Facebook.com的当前证书。您可以浏览到 Facebook，查看证书，并将其保存在 base64 编码的 DER PEM 中：
Facebook.cer(PEM DER ASN.1 encoded)
Facebook.cer （PEM DER ASN.1 编码）
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
All the above is base64 encoded. Let's decode it into hex:
以上都是base64编码的。让我们将其解码为十六进制：
Facebook.cer(DER ASN.1 encoded)
Facebook.cer （DER ASN.1 编码）
30 82 07 e4 30 82 06 cc a0 03 02 01 02 02 10 0c 00 99 b7 d7 89 c9 f6 66 26 31 7e bc ea 7c 1c 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7
0d 01 01 0b 05 00 30 70 31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31 15 30 13 06 03 55 04 0a 13 0c 44 69 67 69 43 65 72 74
20 49 6e 63 31 19 30 17 06 03 55 04 0b 13 10 77 77 77 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 31 2f 30 2d 06 03 55 04 03
13 26 44 69 67 69 43 65 72 74 20 53 48 41 32 20 48 69 67 68 20 41 73 73 75 72 61 6e 63 65 20 53 65 72 76 65 72 20 43 41
30 1e 17 0d 31 36 31 32 30 39 30 30 30 30 30 30 5a 17 0d 31 38 30 31 32 35 31 32 30 30 30 30 5a 30 69 31 0b 30 09 06 03
55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31 13 30 11 06 03 55 04 08 13 0a 43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e 69 61 31 13 30 11 06 03 55 04 07 13 0a 4d
65 6e 6c 6f 20 50 61 72 6b 31 17 30 15 06 03 55 04 0a 13 0e 46 61 63 65 62 6f 6f 6b 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 31 17 30 15 06 03
55 04 03 0c 0e 2a 2e 66 61 63 65 62 6f 6f 6b 2e 63 6f 6d 30 59 30 13 06 07 2a 86 48 ce 3d 02 01 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 03
01 07 03 42 00 04 a0 f1 8c af a7 39 88 68 5b 13 56 0e 15 15 b4 a7 45 ef 1b c7 e5 85 3c 2b 04 d4 65 8a 31 31 22 ea a3 92
ed 64 9d ba 65 81 e3 b6 12 76 d8 b3 0b 45 f1 ff 0a 28 14 9c 4f dc 73 a9 b3 49 2d a0 76 d3 a3 82 05 4a 30 82 05 46 30 1f
06 03 55 1d 23 04 18 30 16 80 14 51 68 ff 90 af 02 07 75 3c cc d9 65 64 62 a2 12 b8 59 72 3b 30 1d 06 03 55 1d 0e 04 16
04 14 cb 98 28 8c a1 72 e7 e2 32 a9 9a 3d f2 0d a1 81 56 a1 1a 8b 30 81 c7 06 03 55 1d 11 04 81 bf 30 81 bc 82 0e 2a 2e
66 61 63 65 62 6f 6f 6b 2e 63 6f 6d 82 0e 2a 2e 66 61 63 65 62 6f 6f 6b 2e 6e 65 74 82 08 2a 2e 66 62 2e 63 6f 6d 82 0b
2a 2e 66 62 63 64 6e 2e 6e 65 74 82 0b 2a 2e 66 62 73 62 78 2e 63 6f 6d 82 10 2a 2e 6d 2e 66 61 63 65 62 6f 6f 6b 2e 63
6f 6d 82 0f 2a 2e 6d 65 73 73 65 6e 67 65 72 2e 63 6f 6d 82 0e 2a 2e 78 78 2e 66 62 63 64 6e 2e 6e 65 74 82 0e 2a 2e 78
79 2e 66 62 63 64 6e 2e 6e 65 74 82 0e 2a 2e 78 7a 2e 66 62 63 64 6e 2e 6e 65 74 82 0c 66 61 63 65 62 6f 6f 6b 2e 63 6f
6d 82 06 66 62 2e 63 6f 6d 82 0d 6d 65 73 73 65 6e 67 65 72 2e 63 6f 6d 30 0e 06 03 55 1d 0f 01 01 ff 04 04 03 02 07 80
30 1d 06 03 55 1d 25 04 16 30 14 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 03 01 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 03 02 30 75 06 03 55 1d 1f 04 6e
30 6c 30 34 a0 32 a0 30 86 2e 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 72 6c 33 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 73 68 61 32 2d
68 61 2d 73 65 72 76 65 72 2d 67 35 2e 63 72 6c 30 34 a0 32 a0 30 86 2e 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 72 6c 34 2e 64 69 67 69
63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 73 68 61 32 2d 68 61 2d 73 65 72 76 65 72 2d 67 35 2e 63 72 6c 30 4c 06 03 55 1d 20 04 45 30
43 30 37 06 09 60 86 48 01 86 fd 6c 01 01 30 2a 30 28 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 02 01 16 1c 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 77 77
77 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 43 50 53 30 08 06 06 67 81 0c 01 02 02 30 81 83 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 01
01 04 77 30 75 30 24 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 30 01 86 18 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 6f 63 73 70 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e
63 6f 6d 30 4d 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 30 02 86 41 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 61 63 65 72 74 73 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74
2e 63 6f 6d 2f 44 69 67 69 43 65 72 74 53 48 41 32 48 69 67 68 41 73 73 75 72 61 6e 63 65 53 65 72 76 65 72 43 41 2e 63
72 74 30 0c 06 03 55 1d 13 01 01 ff 04 02 30 00 30 82 02 b0 06 0a 2b 06 01 04 01 d6 79 02 04 02 04 82 02 a0 04 82 02 9c
02 9a 00 76 00 a4 b9 09 90 b4 18 58 14 87 bb 13 a2 cc 67 70 0a 3c 35 98 04 f9 1b df b8 e3 77 cd 0e c8 0d dc 10 00 00 01
58 e5 d3 62 04 00 00 04 03 00 47 30 45 02 21 00 ef 58 5b 14 7a a5 84 ff 1c 08 61 c5 cf bd b6 f9 13 1c df 1c 16 53 37 07
e7 51 fe 11 3c ef e5 06 02 20 74 e1 a6 af 48 fb fa ef 3f 4b ee ed 7c 5c 3b d5 91 23 aa 9c 09 10 b9 7f b0 41 6e 41 d3 e7
a7 04 01 2f 00 ac 3b 9a ed 7f a9 67 47 57 15 9e 6d 7d 57 56 72 f9 d9 81 00 94 1e 9b de ff ec a1 31 3b 75 78 2d 00 00 01
58 e5 d3 62 28 00 00 04 01 01 00 62 f9 cc 57 e0 5f 3f 75 ab 93 8c 85 40 4f d9 c7 95 ac 8d 26 9b 60 ea 4b 8f 54 e3 e7 11
5a a1 5a 07 74 6a 8b 09 ff c7 8b e5 6f d0 84 72 78 f2 85 04 24 96 d3 ed de 03 9f 3d f9 69 c2 0c cc 1c 26 50 58 79 95 7c
32 5b c7 15 98 37 6b ae 94 87 1f ce 02 fa 1e b5 bd 26 0a d5 29 9e 62 04 53 02 d7 fd e3 0d 12 f8 e0 da a4 c7 df fd f7 ca
c0 a8 da 5d b9 fb f1 1c 47 cb a9 17 ed 8a 21 c9 a7 93 95 b0 68 9c df ab b7 05 3d 07 38 0a f7 33 99 31 da b0 98 bf 8e 65
5a 21 a2 7d 1c 2e 74 83 77 71 e7 ce 13 41 7d ba 94 32 dd 74 5f cb 8b 8b 84 6c 9e d3 4a 8a 67 4f 38 d0 75 60 6d 59 b3 05
87 76 dc 7e 11 42 29 aa 8a da 42 09 57 76 e0 ba 9e 47 89 b1 27 67 62 cf 9b a9 5e 91 8d 3b d9 91 42 18 ce 10 61 ce 2e 92
ac e8 bb 62 56 09 19 86 a3 47 4c 1c 98 67 bd 05 e9 9c 84 06 c0 04 ea 08 3e 10 d4 00 76 00 56 14 06 9a 2f d7 c2 ec d3 f5
e1 bd 44 b2 3e c7 46 76 b9 bc 99 11 5c c0 ef 94 98 55 d6 89 d0 dd 00 00 01 58 e5 d3 62 b9 00 00 04 03 00 47 30 45 02 20
1a 15 d7 6f 05 0e e5 b0 f8 4e cf d0 d2 0a 99 c1 44 b6 be 5f c0 e0 77 a6 93 ba 2f c6 5f 36 bf da 02 21 00 9b b6 47 e5 0d
76 dc ba 76 38 30 04 02 6c a9 67 7a c3 c6 73 f9 df b4 0f 38 c4 38 49 a7 11 47 59 00 77 00 ee 4b bd b7 75 ce 60 ba e1 42
69 1f ab e1 9e 66 a3 0f 7e 5f b0 72 d8 83 00 c4 7b 89 7a a8 fd cb 00 00 01 58 e5 d3 64 11 00 00 04 03 00 48 30 46 02 21
00 ab 9b 9e 04 28 6b 92 1a 93 c7 82 3a b7 df 1f b5 f1 dc 03 f5 34 c6 f9 a4 5c 37 e6 7b 76 55 27 91 02 21 00 e3 b2 aa d5
44 1c 0d 72 04 b1 5f 96 9e e3 dd f4 b3 39 92 97 5e bb 4f 93 88 72 ad 4c b4 50 af 4b 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01
0b 05 00 03 82 01 01 00 3a cd 4a ca 28 9d b8 f5 60 68 f0 cb db 7d c0 ff 7e 91 90 70 ac d3 0e da 7e 4d e5 f4 0d 84 66 b0
90 40 17 fa 55 e5 ce 09 b7 4e a6 25 4c d8 ba b0 21 5b 3c 10 04 ae 29 b7 68 c5 65 5a e3 a5 72 d8 27 8e d0 1d 99 d5 99 e2
a1 0e 36 b0 4b 1c f1 a0 ba 40 c9 dd 47 a7 fc 40 bf 83 02 ba 29 d0 42 6f 84 ed a7 a3 0c 3d 8d 5c 85 bf dc 89 32 e2 dd 05
14 53 88 78 38 95 aa 52 3b dc 70 10 83 b3 f2 f2 74 d8 ca 59 96 53 c4 b2 66 c5 14 a6 7e 9c 82 53 7b 94 d9 71 c7 30 d9 68
f1 44 c8 96 a6 6c 3a d7 6a 86 0e ff 43 f7 2f 30 31 c3 91 c2 3f b6 a7 a5 9a 0d 0c 0f 61 fd 2a 97 26 02 f5 64 c2 08 e7 f8
15 69 bf 91 c4 2e 5f b4 10 fd 14 85 89 27 23 50 7a 2c 17 9c 26 e8 fb 8c 8d ba 79 76 5d 5f 7e 42 62 4a 48 fd 26 40 f4 a2
be 39 82 87 87 ab c2 c4 aa a7 45 9f 59 41 43 a3 5e 72 16 29 07 95 e4 78
The above binary is encoded in DER flavor of ASN.1. We can use the excellentjavascript ASN.1 decoder to decode it for us:
上述二进制文件以 ASN.1 的 DER 风格编码。我们可以使用优秀的javascript ASN.1解码器来为我们解码：
30 82 07 e4 ;30=SEQUENCE (0x07e4 bytes)
|- tbsCertificate
| 30 82 06 cc ;30=SEQUENCE (0x66cc bytes)
| |- Version (0x03 bytes)
| | a0 03 02 01 02
| |- SerialNumber (0x10 bytes)
| | 02 10 0c 00 99 b7 d7 89 c9 f6 66 26 31 7e bc ea 7c 1c
| |- Signature (0x0d bytes)
| | 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 0b 05 00
| |- Issuer (0x70 bytes)
| | 30 70 31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31 15 30 13 06 03 55 04 0a 13 0c 44 69 67 69 43 65 72 74 20 49 6e 63 31 19 30 17 06 03 55 04 0b 13 10 77 77 77 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 31 2f 30 2d 06 03 55 04 03 13 26 44 69 67 69 43 65 72 74 20 53 48 41 32 20 48 69 67 68 20 41 73 73 75 72 61 6e 63 65 20 53 65 72 76 65 72 20 43 41
| |- Validity (0x1e bytes)
| | 30 1e 17 0d 31 36 31 32 30 39 30 30 30 30 30 30 5a 17 0d 31 38 30 31 32 35 31 32 30 30 30 30 5a
| |- Subject (0x69 bytes)
| | 30 69 31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31 13 30 11 06 03 55 04 08 13 0a 43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e 69 61 31 13 30 11 06 03 55 04 07 13 0a 4d 65 6e 6c 6f 20 50 61 72 6b 31 17 30 15 06 03 55 04 0a 13 0e 46 61 63 65 62 6f 6f 6b 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 31 17 30 15 06 03 55 04 03 0c 0e 2a 2e 66 61 63 65 62 6f 6f 6b 2e 63 6f 6d
| |- SubjectPublicKeyInfo (0x59 bytes)
| | 30 59
| | |- AlgorithmIdentifier (0x13 bytes)
| | | 30 13
| | | 06 07 2a 86 48 ce 3d 02 01 ;Algorithm Object Identifier - 1.2.840.10045.2.1 ecPublicKey (ANSI X9.62 public key type)
| | | 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 03 01 07 ;Algorithm Object Identiifer - 1.2.840.10045.3.1.7 prime256v1 (ANSI X9.62 named elliptic curve)
| | |- SubjectPublicKey (0x42 bytes)
| | 03 42
| | 00 04 a0 f1 8c af a7 39 88 68 5b 13 56 0e 15 15 b4 a7 45 ef
| | 1b c7 e5 85 3c 2b 04 d4 65 8a 31 31 22 ea a3 92 ed 64 9d ba
| | 65 81 e3 b6 12 76 d8 b3 0b 45 f1 ff 0a 28 14 9c 4f dc 73 a9
| | b3 49 2d a0 76 d3
| |- issuerUniqueID [0]
| a3 82 05 4a
| 30 82 05 46 30 1f 06 03 55 1d 23 04 18 30 16 80 14 51 68 ff 90 af 02 07 75 3c cc d9 65 64 62 a2 12 b8 59 72 3b 30 1d 06
| 4b 8f 54 e3 e7 11 5a a1 5a 07 74 6a 8b 09 ff c7 8b e5 6f d0 84 72 78 f2 85 04 24 96 d3 ed de 03 9f 3d f9 69 c2 0c cc 1c
| 26 50 58 79 95 7c 32 5b c7 15 98 37 6b ae 94 87 1f ce 02 fa 1e b5 bd 26 0a d5 29 9e 62 04 53 02 d7 fd e3 0d 12 f8 e0 da
| a4 c7 df fd f7 ca c0 a8 da 5d b9 fb f1 1c 47 cb a9 17 ed 8a 21 c9 a7 93 95 b0 68 9c df ab b7 05 3d 07 38 0a f7 33 99 31
| da b0 98 bf 8e 65 5a 21 a2 7d 1c 2e 74 83 77 71 e7 ce 13 41 7d ba 94 32 dd 74 5f cb 8b 8b 84 6c 9e d3 4a 8a 67 4f 38 d0
| 75 60 6d 59 b3 05 87 76 dc 7e 11 42 29 aa 8a da 42 09 57 76 e0 ba 9e 47 89 b1 27 67 62 cf 9b a9 5e 91 8d 3b d9 91 42 18
| ce 10 61 ce 2e 92 ac e8 bb 62 56 09 19 86 a3 47 4c 1c 98 67 bd 05 e9 9c 84 06 c0 04 ea 08 3e 10 d4 00 76 00 56 14 06 9a
| 2f d7 c2 ec d3 f5 e1 bd 44 b2 3e c7 46 76 b9 bc 99 11 5c c0 ef 94 98 55 d6 89 d0 dd 00 00 01 58 e5 d3 62 b9 00 00 04 03
| 00 47 30 45 02 20 1a 15 d7 6f 05 0e e5 b0 f8 4e cf d0 d2 0a 99 c1 44 b6 be 5f c0 e0 77 a6 93 ba 2f c6 5f 36 bf da 02 21
| 00 9b b6 47 e5 0d 76 dc ba 76 38 30 04 02 6c a9 67 7a c3 c6 73 f9 df b4 0f 38 c4 38 49 a7 11 47 59 00 77 00 ee 4b bd b7
| 75 ce 60 ba e1 42 69 1f ab e1 9e 66 a3 0f 7e 5f b0 72 d8 83 00 c4 7b 89 7a a8 fd cb 00 00 01 58 e5 d3 64 11 00 00 04 03
| 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 ab 9b 9e 04 28 6b 92 1a 93 c7 82 3a b7 df 1f b5 f1 dc 03 f5 34 c6 f9 a4 5c 37 e6 7b 76 55 27 91 02
| 21 00 e3 b2 aa d5 44 1c 0d 72 04 b1 5f 96 9e e3 dd f4 b3 39 92 97 5e bb 4f 93 88 72 ad 4c b4 50 af 4b
|- signatureAlgorithm
| 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 0b 05 00
|- signatureValue
03 82 01 01
00 3a cd 4a ca 28 9d b8 f5 60 68 f0 cb db 7d c0 ff 7e 91 90 70 ac d3 0e da 7e 4d e5 f4 0d 84 66 b0
90 40 17 fa 55 e5 ce 09 b7 4e a6 25 4c d8 ba b0 21 5b 3c 10 04 ae 29 b7 68 c5 65 5a e3 a5 72 d8 27
8e d0 1d 99 d5 99 e2 a1 0e 36 b0 4b 1c f1 a0 ba 40 c9 dd 47 a7 fc 40 bf 83 02 ba 29 d0 42 6f 84 ed
a7 a3 0c 3d 8d 5c 85 bf dc 89 32 e2 dd 05 14 53 88 78 38 95 aa 52 3b dc 70 10 83 b3 f2 f2 74 d8 ca
59 96 53 c4 b2 66 c5 14 a6 7e 9c 82 53 7b 94 d9 71 c7 30 d9 68 f1 44 c8 96 a6 6c 3a d7 6a 86 0e ff
43 f7 2f 30 31 c3 91 c2 3f b6 a7 a5 9a 0d 0c 0f 61 fd 2a 97 26 02 f5 64 c2 08 e7 f8 15 69 bf 91 c4
2e 5f b4 10 fd 14 85 89 27 23 50 7a 2c 17 9c 26 e8 fb 8c 8d ba 79 76 5d 5f 7e 42 62 4a 48 fd 26 40
f4 a2 be 39 82 87 87 ab c2 c4 aa a7 45 9f 59 41 43 a3 5e 72 16 29 07 95 e4 78
Which is a lot
这是很多
But the only part we care about is the SubjectPublicKeyInfo:
但我们唯一关心的部分是SubjectPublicKeyInfo：
SubjectPublicKeyInfo (0x59 bytes)
| 30 59
| |- AlgorithmIdentifier (0x13 bytes)
| | 30 13
| | 06 07 2a 86 48 ce 3d 02 01 ;Algorithm Object Identifier - 1.2.840.10045.2.1 ecPublicKey (ANSI X9.62 public key type)
| | 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 03 01 07 ;Algorithm Object Identiifer - 1.2.840.10045.3.1.7 prime256v1 (ANSI X9.62 named elliptic curve)
| |- SubjectPublicKey (0x42 bytes)
| 03 42
| 00 04 a0 f1 8c af a7 39 88 68 5b 13 56 0e 15 15 b4 a7 45 ef
| 1b c7 e5 85 3c 2b 04 d4 65 8a 31 31 22 ea a3 92 ed 64 9d ba
| 65 81 e3 b6 12 76 d8 b3 0b 45 f1 ff 0a 28 14 9c 4f dc 73 a9
| b3 49 2d a0 76 d3
If you take just those bytes:
如果您只使用这些字节：
30 59 30 13 06 07 2a 86 48 ce 3d 02 01 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d
03 01 07 03 42 00 04 a0 f1 8c af a7 39 88 68 5b 13 56 0e 15
15 b4 a7 45 ef 1b c7 e5 85 3c 2b 04 d4 65 8a 31 31 22 ea a3
92 ed 64 9d ba 65 81 e3 b6 12 76 d8 b3 0b 45 f1 ff 0a 28 14
9c 4f dc 73 a9 b3 49 2d a0 76 d3
And run them through SHA256, you get:
并通过 SHA256 运行它们，你会得到：
- SHA256: 854206f3b721ef511941885904492ad952812e386eb2c530ee747cc32b98eeb6 (hex)
- SHA256：854206f3b721ef511941885904492ad952812e386eb2c530ee747cc32b98eeb6 （十六进制）
You then base64 encode that, and you get:
你会以Base64编码，你会得到：
- base64: hUIG87ch71EZQYhZBEkq2VKBLjhussUw7nR8wyuY7rY=
- base64: hUIG87ch71EZQYhZBEkq2VKBLjhussUw7nR8wyuY7rY=
That is the hash that you add to your HTTP response headers:
这是您添加到 HTTP 响应标头中的哈希：
Public-Key-Pins: max-age=31536000; pin-sha256="hUIG87ch71EZQYhZBEkq2VKBLjhussUw7nR8wyuY7rY=";
Cross-check
交叉检查
Our calculated values matches the PKP hash that SSL Labs returns:
我们的计算值与SSL Labs 返回的 PKP 哈希匹配：
You can also paste the original PEM (base64) encoded certificate into https://certpins.appspot.com/pinand confirm that it returns the same PKP hash:
您还可以将原始 PEM (base64) 编码证书粘贴到https://certpins.appspot.com/pin并确认它返回相同的 PKP 哈希：
Public-Key-Pins: max-age=31536000; ?pin-sha256="hUIG87ch71EZQYhZBEkq2VKBLjhussUw7nR8wyuY7rY=";
公钥密码：max-age=31536000；?pin-sha256="hUIG87ch71EZQYhZBEkq2VKBLjhussUw7nR8wyuY7rY=";
Why SubjectPublicKeyInfo?
为什么是 SubjectPublicKeyInfo？
A public key is a number (or in the case of RSA a pair of numbers):
公钥是一个数字（或者在 RSA 的情况下是一对数字）：
- exponent (e.g. 65,537)
- modulus (e.g. one hundred and fifty four million googol googol googol)
- 指数（例如 65,537）
- 模数（例如一亿五千四百万 googol googol googol）
Over the years there are a number of ways of storing these two numbers:
多年来，有多种方法可以存储这两个数字：
SHH:
嘘：
[lenghPrefix]ssh-rsa[lengthPrefix][exponent][lengthPrefix][modulus]
Xml
xml
<RSAKeyValue>
<Modulus>ANxn+vSe8nIdRSy0gHkGoJQnUIIJ3WfOV7hsSk9An9LRafuZXYUMB6H5RxtWFm72f7nPKlg2N5kpqk+oEuhPx4IrnXIqnN5vwu4Sbc/w8rjE3XxcGsgXUams3wgiBJ0r1/lLCd6a61xRGtj4+Vae+Ps3mz/TdGUkDf80dVek9b9V</Modulus>
<Exponent>AQAB</Exponent>
</RSAKeyValue>
PKCS#1
PKCS#1
-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGJAoGBANxn+vSe8nIdRSy0gHkGoJQnUIIJ3WfOV7hsSk9An9LRafuZXY
UMB6H5RxtWFm72f7nPKlg2N5kpqk+oEuhPx4IrnXIqnN5vwu4Sbc/w8rjE
3XxcGsgXUams3wgiBJ0r1/lLCd6a61xRGtj4+Vae+Ps3mz/TdGUkDf80dV
ek9b9VAgMBAAE=
-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
PKCS#1 chose to use the DER flavor of ASN.1 encoding of the following structure:
PKCS#1 选择使用以下结构的 ASN.1 编码的 DER 风格：
RSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE {
modulus INTEGER, -- n
publicExponent INTEGER -- e
}
Later when new public key encryption systems came along, they "borrowed" the RSAPublicKeystructure, but prefixed it with an Algorithm ID:
后来当新的公钥加密系统出现时，他们“借用”了RSAPublicKey结构，但在它前面加上了一个Algorithm ID：
SubjectPublicKeyInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
subjectPublicKey RSAPublicKey }
Where AlgorithIDfor PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey is 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1, which comes from:
其中PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey 的AlgorithID是1.2.840.113549.1.1.1，它来自：
- 1 - ISO assigned OIDs
- 1.2 - ISO member body
- 1.2.840 - USA
- 1.2.840.113549 - RSADSI
- 1.2.840.113549.1 - PKCS
- 1.2.840.113549.1.1 - PKCS-1
- 1 - ISO 分配的 OID
- 1.2 - ISO 成员体
- 1.2.840 - 美国
- 1.2.840.113549 - RSADSI
- 1.2.840.113549.1 - PKCS
- 1.2.840.113549.1.1 - PKCS-1
This format would then appear in base64 encoded files as:
这种格式将出现在 base64 编码文件中，如下所示：
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDcZ/r0nvJyHUUstIB5BqCUJ1CC
Cd1nzle4bEpPQJ/S0Wn7mV2FDAeh+UcbVhZu9n+5zypYNjeZKapPqBLoT8eCK51y
Kpzeb8LuEm3P8PK4xN18XBrIF1GprN8IIgSdK9f5SwnemutcURrY+PlWnvj7N5s/
03RlJA3/NHVXpPW/VQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
This is the SubjectPublicKeyInfothat you get the sha256 hash of.
这是您获得 sha256 哈希值的SubjectPublicKeyInfo。
Inside every certificate is a SubjectPublicKeyInfo; even a Windows EFS certificate.
每个证书里面都有一个SubjectPublicKeyInfo；甚至 Windows EFS 证书。
You can use OpenSSL to:
您可以使用 OpenSSL 来：
- extract the SubjectPublicKeyInfochunk and save it as a
BEGIN PUBLIC KEYfile - hash it
- base64 it
- 提取SubjectPublicKeyInfo块并将其保存为
BEGIN PUBLIC KEY文件 - 散列它
- base64它
People need to stop treating OpenSSL as a magical crypto box. Too often, people just type in esoteric openssl commands to do something, rather than understanding what they're doing. Even the very RFC on Public Key Pinning doesn't bother to explain what it is, and just tells you to go to the all-knowing openssl. OpenSSL is not the be-all and end-off of encryption management.
人们需要停止将 OpenSSL 视为一个神奇的加密盒。很多时候，人们只是输入深奥的 openssl 命令来做某事，而不是理解他们在做什么。即使是关于公钥固定的 RFC 也没有费心解释它是什么，只是告诉你去无所不知的 openssl。OpenSSL 不是加密管理的全部和终结点。
回答by mylogon
There is a really straight forward way of doing this. I spent some time scraping things together on this one to produce a very reusable solution. Unfortunately, I have only done this on OSX, but you should be able to follow along fairly easy if you're on another OS.
For this method you are going to need:
有一种非常直接的方法可以做到这一点。我花了一些时间在这个上拼凑东西，以产生一个非常可重用的解决方案。不幸的是，我只在 OSX 上做过这个，但是如果你在另一个操作系统上，你应该能够很容易地跟随。
对于这种方法，您将需要：
Install Homebrew
OpenSSL (
brew install opensslin terminal after installing Homebrew)Create new .sh file and set contents to be:
openssl s_client -servername $1 -connect $1:443 | openssl x509 -pubkey -noout | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary | openssl enc -base64Save file to disk
From terminal window, call
bash <new sh file directory> www.google.com
安装Homebrew
OpenSSL（
brew install openssl安装 Homebrew 后在终端中）创建新的 .sh 文件并将内容设置为：
openssl s_client -servername $1 -connect $1:443 | openssl x509 -pubkey -noout | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary | openssl enc -base64将文件保存到磁盘
从终端窗口，调用
bash <new sh file directory> www.google.com
This should now return the hash that you require and leave you with a nice little reusable solution. You may have to press ctrl+cafter the hash is returned.
这现在应该返回您需要的散列，并为您留下一个不错的可重用解决方案。您可能需要在返回哈希值后按 ctrl+ c。
It should leave you with something like the following:
Hope this helps someone out.
Thanks
它应该给你留下如下内容：
希望这对某人有所
帮助。
谢谢
