Jupyter 和 Python 中的 sys.path 不同 - 如何在 Jupyter 中导入自己的模块？
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sys.path different in Jupyter and Python - how to import own modules in Jupyter?
提问by ulf
In Jupyter my own little module is not loaded but in python/bpython is everything is fine. When typing
在 Jupyter 中，我自己的小模块没有加载，但在 python/bpython 中一切正常。打字时
import sys
print(sys.path)
the path to my module will not in show in Jupyter but in python/bpython it is still there.
我的模块的路径不会在 Jupyter 中显示，但在 python/bpython 中它仍然存在。
I am using:
我在用：
- PYTHONPATH in .bashrc to include my module,
- Jupyter and bpython inside a virtualenv.
- .bashrc 中的 PYTHONPATH 以包含我的模块，
- 虚拟环境中的 Jupyter 和 bpython。
The most similar questions is this Cannot import modules in jupyter notebook; wrong sys.path
最相似的问题是这个 Cannot import modules in jupyter notebook；错误的系统路径
How to configure Jupyter to load my modules automagically?
如何配置 Jupyter 以自动加载我的模块？
回答by Dogan Askan
Here is what I do on my projects in jupyter notebook,
这是我在 jupyter notebook 中对我的项目所做的工作，
import sys
sys.path.append("../") # go to parent dir
from customFunctions import *
Then, to affect changes in customFunctions.py,
然后，为了影响 的变化customFunctions.py，
%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2
回答by N. P.
Jupyter has its own PATH variable, JUPYTER_PATH.
Jupyter 有自己的 PATH 变量 JUPYTER_PATH。
Adding this line to the .bashrcfile worked for me:
将此行添加到.bashrc文件中对我有用：
export JUPYTER_PATH=<directory_for_your_module>:$JUPYTER_PATH
回答by Mattia Fantoni
Jupyter is base on ipython, a permanent solution could be changing the ipython config options.
Jupyter 基于 ipython，永久解决方案可能是更改 ipython 配置选项。
Create a config file
创建配置文件
$ ipython profile create
$ ipython locate
/Users/username/.ipython
Edit the config file
编辑配置文件
$ cd /Users/username/.ipython
$ vi profile_default/ipython_config.py
The following lines allow you to add your module path to sys.path
以下几行允许您将模块路径添加到 sys.path
c.InteractiveShellApp.exec_lines = [
'import sys; sys.path.append("/path/to/your/module")'
]
At the jupyter startup the previous line will be executed
在 jupyter 启动时，将执行上一行
Here you can find more details about ipython config https://www.lucypark.kr/blog/2013/02/10/when-python-imports-and-ipython-does-not/
在这里您可以找到有关 ipython 配置的更多详细信息https://www.lucypark.kr/blog/2013/02/10/when-python-imports-and-ipython-does-not/
回答by Kirill
Suppose your project has the following structure and you want to do imports in the notebook.ipynb:
假设您的项目具有以下结构，并且您想在 中进行导入notebook.ipynb：
/app
/mypackage
mymodule.py
/notebooks
notebook.ipynb
If you are running Jupyter inside a docker container without any virtualenv it might be useful to create Jupyter (ipython) config in your project folder:
如果您在没有任何 virtualenv 的 docker 容器中运行 Jupyter，那么在您的项目文件夹中创建 Jupyter (ipython) 配置可能会很有用：
/app
/profile_default
ipython_config.py
Content of ipython_config.py:
内容ipython_config.py：
c.InteractiveShellApp.exec_lines = [
'import sys; sys.path.append("/app")'
]
Open the notebook and check it out:
打开笔记本查看：
print(sys.path)
['', '/usr/local/lib/python36.zip', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/extensions', '/root/.ipython', '/app']
['', '/usr/local/lib/python36.zip', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload', '/usr /local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/extensions', '/root/.ipython', '/app']
Now you can do imports in your notebook without any sys.pathappending in the cells:
现在，您可以在笔记本中进行导入，而无需sys.path在单元格中附加任何内容：
from mypackage.mymodule import myfunc
回答by the775
You can use absolute imports:
您可以使用绝对导入：
/root
/app
/config
config.py
/source
file.ipynb
# In the file.ipynb importing the config.py file
from root.app.config import config
