C# 中的 TraceRoute 和 Ping

TraceRoute and Ping in C#

提问by

Does anyone have C# code handy for doing a ping and traceroute to a target computer? I am looking for a pure code solution, not what I'm doing now, which is invoking the ping.exe and tracert.exe program and parsing the output. I would like something more robust.

有没有人有 C# 代码可以方便地对目标计算机执行 ping 和跟踪路由？我正在寻找一个纯代码解决方案，而不是我现在正在做的，它调用 ping.exe 和 tracert.exe 程序并解析输出。我想要更强大的东西。

采纳答案by Portman

Although the Base Class Library includes Ping, the BCL does not include any tracert functionality.

尽管基类库包括Ping，但 BCL 不包括任何 tracert 功能。

However, a quick search reveals two open-source attempts, the first in C# the second in C++:

但是，快速搜索会发现有两个开源尝试，第一个在 C# 中，第二个在 C++ 中：

• http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/tracert.aspx
• http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/I-N/network/basicnetworkoperations/article.php/c5457/

• http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/tracert.aspx
• http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/IN/network/basicnetworkoperations/article.php/c5457/

回答by Bruno Gomes

For the ping part, take a look at the Ping classon MSDN.

对于ping部分，看一下MSDN上的Ping类。

回答by Scott

Given that I had to write a TraceRoute class today I figured I might as well share the source code.

鉴于我今天必须编写一个 TraceRoute 类，我想我不妨分享一下源代码。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;

namespace Answer
{  
  public class TraceRoute
  {
    private const string Data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";

    public static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress)
    {
      return GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, 1);
    }
    private static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress, int ttl)
    {
      Ping pinger = new Ping();
      PingOptions pingerOptions = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
      int timeout = 10000;
      byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data);
      PingReply reply = default(PingReply);

      reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions);

      List<IPAddress> result = new List<IPAddress>();
      if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
      {
        result.Add(reply.Address);
      }
      else if (reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired || reply.Status == IPStatus.TimedOut)
      {
        //add the currently returned address if an address was found with this TTL
        if (reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired) result.Add(reply.Address);
        //recurse to get the next address...
        IEnumerable<IPAddress> tempResult = default(IEnumerable<IPAddress>);
        tempResult = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, ttl + 1);
        result.AddRange(tempResult);
      }
      else
      {
        //failure 
      }

      return result;
    }
  }
}

And a VB version for anyone that wants/needs it

以及任何想要/需要它的人的 VB 版本

Public Class TraceRoute
    Private Const Data As String = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"

    Public Shared Function GetTraceRoute(ByVal hostNameOrAddress As String) As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
        Return GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, 1)
    End Function
    Private Shared Function GetTraceRoute(ByVal hostNameOrAddress As String, ByVal ttl As Integer) As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
        Dim pinger As Ping = New Ping
        Dim pingerOptions As PingOptions = New PingOptions(ttl, True)
        Dim timeout As Integer = 10000
        Dim buffer() As Byte = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data)
        Dim reply As PingReply

        reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions)

        Dim result As List(Of IPAddress) = New List(Of IPAddress)
        If reply.Status = IPStatus.Success Then
            result.Add(reply.Address)
        ElseIf reply.Status = IPStatus.TtlExpired Then
            'add the currently returned address
            result.Add(reply.Address)
            'recurse to get the next address...
            Dim tempResult As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
            tempResult = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, ttl + 1)
            result.AddRange(tempResult)
        Else
            'failure 
        End If

        Return result
    End Function
End Class

回答by Nigel Thomas

As am improvement to Scotts code answer above, I found that his solution doesn't work if the route tapers off into nothing before reaching the destination - it never returns. A better solution with at least a partial route could be this (which I've tested and it works well). You can change the '20' in the for loop to something bigger or smaller or try to detect if it's taking too long if you want to control the number of iterations some other way. Full credit to Scott for the original code - thanks.

作为对上述 Scotts 代码答案的改进，我发现如果路线在到达目的地之前逐渐变小，他的解决方案将不起作用 - 它永远不会返回。至少有部分路线的更好解决方案可能是这个（我已经测试过并且效果很好）。如果您想以其他方式控制迭代次数，您可以将 for 循环中的“20”更改为更大或更小，或者尝试检测是否花费了太长时间。完全归功于 Scott 的原始代码 - 谢谢。

    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Net;

    ...

    public static void TraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress)
    {
        for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++)
        {
            IPAddress ip = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, i);
            if(ip == null)
            {
                break;
            }
            Console.WriteLine(ip.ToString());
        }
    }

    private static IPAddress GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress, int ttl)
    {
        const string Data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
        Ping pinger = new Ping();
        PingOptions pingerOptions = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
        int timeout = 10000;
        byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data);
        PingReply reply = default(PingReply);

        reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions);

        List<IPAddress> result = new List<IPAddress>();
        if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success || reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired)
        {
            return reply.Address;
        }
        else
        {
            return null;
        }
    }

回答by caesay

What follows is a significantly better C# implementation of tracertthan exists in other answers thus far.

接下来是tracert比迄今为止其他答案中存在的明显更好的 C# 实现。

public static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostname)
{
    // following are similar to the defaults in the "traceroute" unix command.
    const int timeout = 10000;
    const int maxTTL = 30;
    const int bufferSize = 32;

    byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
    new Random().NextBytes(buffer);

    using (var pinger = new Ping())
    {
        for (int ttl = 1; ttl <= maxTTL; ttl++)
        {
            PingOptions options = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
            PingReply reply = pinger.Send(hostname, timeout, buffer, options);

            // we've found a route at this ttl
            if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success || reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired)
                yield return reply.Address;

            // if we reach a status other than expired or timed out, we're done searching or there has been an error
            if (reply.Status != IPStatus.TtlExpired && reply.Status != IPStatus.TimedOut)
                break;
        }
    }
}

Pitfalls fixed here that are present in other answers include:

此处修复的其他答案中存在的陷阱包括：

• It's lazy. Ex: it properly uses enumerable / an iterator so don't have to compute the entire tree, you can stop at any point by breaking out of your own consuming loop.
• maxTTLimplemented so the function doesnt spin on forever.
• bufferSizeoption which is consistent with other tracert implementations.
• It's super concise and clean. It's contained in a single method and is considerably shorter than other options here.

• 它很懒。例如：它正确地使用了可枚举/迭代器，因此不必计算整个树，您可以通过打破自己的消耗循环来随时停止。
• maxTTL已实现，因此该功能不会永远旋转。
• bufferSize选项与其他 tracert 实现一致。
• 它超级简洁干净。它包含在一个方法中，并且比此处的其他选项短得多。

回答by Stephen Kennedy

Ping: We can use the Pingclass built into the .NET Framework.

Ping：我们可以使用Ping.NET Framework 中内置的类。

Instantiate a Pingand subscribe to the PingCompletedevent:

实例化 aPing并订阅PingCompleted事件：

Ping pingSender = new Ping();
pingSender.PingCompleted += PingCompletedCallback;

Add code to configure and action the ping, e.g.:

添加代码来配置和操作 ping，例如：

string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
string who = "www.google.com";
AutoResetEvent waiter = new AutoResetEvent(false);
int timeout = 12000;

PingOptions options = new PingOptions(64, true);

pingSender.SendAsync(who, timeout, buffer, options, waiter);

Add a PingCompletedEventHandler:

添加一个PingCompletedEventHandler：

public static void PingCompletedCallback(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    ... Do stuff here
}

Code-dump of a full working example, based on MSDN's example:

基于MSDN 示例的完整工作示例的代码转储：

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string who = "www.google.com";
    AutoResetEvent waiter = new AutoResetEvent(false);

    Ping pingSender = new Ping();

    // When the PingCompleted event is raised,
    // the PingCompletedCallback method is called.
    pingSender.PingCompleted += PingCompletedCallback;

    // Create a buffer of 32 bytes of data to be transmitted.
    string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
    byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);

    // Wait 12 seconds for a reply.
    int timeout = 12000;

    // Set options for transmission:
    // The data can go through 64 gateways or routers
    // before it is destroyed, and the data packet
    // cannot be fragmented.
    PingOptions options = new PingOptions(64, true);

    Console.WriteLine("Time to live: {0}", options.Ttl);
    Console.WriteLine("Don't fragment: {0}", options.DontFragment);

    // Send the ping asynchronously.
    // Use the waiter as the user token.
    // When the callback completes, it can wake up this thread.
    pingSender.SendAsync(who, timeout, buffer, options, waiter);

    // Prevent this example application from ending.
    // A real application should do something useful
    // when possible.
    waiter.WaitOne();
    Console.WriteLine("Ping example completed.");
}

public static void PingCompletedCallback(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    // If the operation was canceled, display a message to the user.
    if (e.Cancelled)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Ping canceled.");

        // Let the main thread resume. 
        // UserToken is the AutoResetEvent object that the main thread 
        // is waiting for.
        ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
    }

    // If an error occurred, display the exception to the user.
    if (e.Error != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Ping failed:");
        Console.WriteLine(e.Error.ToString());

        // Let the main thread resume. 
        ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
    }

    Console.WriteLine($"Roundtrip Time: {e.Reply.RoundtripTime}");

    // Let the main thread resume.
    ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
}