bash 如何比较shell脚本中两个目录中的文件名？
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How do I compare file names in two directories in shell script?
提问by Apple
Right now, this is what my code looks like:
现在，这就是我的代码的样子：
#!/bin/bash
Dir1=
Dir2=
for file1 in $Dir1/*; do
for file2 in $Dir2/*; do
if [[ $file1 == $file2 ]]; then
echo "$file1 is contained in both directories"
fi
done
done
I am trying to compare the file names of the two directories entered and say that the file is in both directories if the filename matches. When I try to run it though, nothing is echo-ed even though I have the same file in both directories.
我试图比较输入的两个目录的文件名，如果文件名匹配，则说明该文件在两个目录中。但是，当我尝试运行它时，即使我在两个目录中都有相同的文件，也没有任何内容被回显。
回答by Innocent Bystander
Files that are in both Dir1and Dir2:
这两个文件中Dir1和Dir2：
find "$Dir1/" "$Dir2/" -printf '%P\n' | sort | uniq -d
Files that are in Dir1but not in Dir2:
位于Dir1但不在 中的文件Dir2：
find "$Dir1/" "$Dir2/" "$Dir2/" -printf '%P\n' | sort | uniq -u
Files that are in Dir2but not in Dir1:
位于Dir2但不在 中的文件Dir1：
find "$Dir1/" "$Dir1/" "$Dir2/" -printf '%P\n' | sort | uniq -u
回答by user3439894
If you want to know what's common to two directories then this is another way with much less coding.
如果您想知道两个目录的共同点，那么这是另一种编码少得多的方法。
#!/bin/bash
comm -12 <(ls -F ) <(ls -F )
See man commfor more information about the commutility.
man comm有关该comm实用程序的更多信息，请参阅。
回答by Barmar
It doesn't work because you're comparing variables that contain the directory prefix. Just remove the prefix before comparing:
它不起作用，因为您正在比较包含目录前缀的变量。只需在比较之前删除前缀：
name1=${file1##*/}
name2=${file2##*/}
if [[ $name1 == $name2 ]]; then
echo "$name1 exists in both directories"
fi
Also, nested loops seems like an inefficient way to do this. You just need to get the filenames from one directory, and use a simple file existence check for the other directory.
此外，嵌套循环似乎是一种低效的方法。您只需要从一个目录中获取文件名，并对另一个目录使用简单的文件存在检查。
for file in $Dir1/*; do
name=${file##*/}
if [[ -f $Dir2/$name ]]; then
echo "$name exists in both directories"
fi
done
回答by Mikolaj
I just tested this and it worked:
我刚刚测试了这个并且它有效：
DIR1=$(ls dir1)
DIR2=$(ls dir2)
for i in $DIR1; do
for j in $DIR2; do
if [[ $i == $j ]]; then
echo "$i == $j"
fi
done
done
回答by ghoti
Your comparison fails because Dir1/foois not the same as Dir2/foo. Instead, if you change to one directory, your *will expand to just the filenames:
您的比较失败，因为Dir1/foo与Dir2/foo. 相反，如果您更改为一个目录，您*将扩展为仅文件名：
#!/bin/bash
Dir1=""
Dir2=""
if ! cd "$Dir1"; then
echo "ERROR: Couldn't find directory $Dir1" >&2
exit 1
fi
if [[ ! "$Dir2" =~ ^/ ]]; then
echo "ERROR: Second directory must be a full path." >&2
exit 1
fi
for file1 in *; do
if [ -f "$Dir2/$file1" ]; then
echo "$file1 is contained in both directories"
fi
done
Note that this only matches file names. If you want to make sure it's really the same file, you should use cmpto compare them.
请注意，这仅匹配文件名。如果你想确保它真的是同一个文件，你应该使用cmp来比较它们。
