如何在CentOS 8上安装PIP
时间：2020-03-05 15:24:39 来源:igfitidea点击:
在本教程中，我们将使用Yum Package Manager在CentOS 8上安装Python pip，并涵盖如何使用pip安装和管理Python软件包的基础知识。
在CentOS 8存储库Appstream中，Python 2的PIP版本以及Python 3解释器。
PIP命令现在分别使用PIP2或者PIP3命令运行。
什么是pip？
PIP是Python的标准包(模块)管理器。
它允许我们安装和管理不是Python标准库的添加软件包。
模块是Python代码库，我们可以在项目中包含和使用。
Python安装程序已被包含在Python 3和2.7.9的Python Installer中包含的PIP，它是许多Python项目使用，这使其成为每个Python程序员的重要工具。
安装pip.
在CentOS 8中，我们可以使用dnf或者yum命令安装包。
根据我们使用的Python版本，或者我们也可以安装PIP2或者PIP3包，或者我们也可以安装两个软件包，而没有任何问题。
安装Python2-pip
首先，我们更新系统：
$sudo yum update
我们将安装Python2-pip和python3-pip包。
首先，我们安装Python2-pip：
$sudo yum -y install python2-pip
Last metadata expiration check: 2:12:46 ago on Tue 01 Oct 2019 01:19:15 PM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
===============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
===============================================================================
Installing:
python2-pip noarch 9.0.3-13.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba AppStream 2.0 M
Installing dependencies:
python2 x86_64 2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba AppStream 107 k
python2-libs x86_64 2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba AppStream 6.0 M
python2-setuptools
noarch 39.0.1-11.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba AppStream 643 k
Enabling module streams:
python27 2.7
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================
Install 4 Packages
Total download size: 8.7 M
Installed size: 36 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): python2-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017 70 kB/s | 107 kB 00:01
(2/4): python2-setuptools-39.0.1-11.module_el8 689 kB/s | 643 kB 00:00
(3/4): python2-pip-9.0.3-13.module_el8.0.0+32+ 777 kB/s | 2.0 MB 00:02
(4/4): python2-libs-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+3 1.4 MB/s | 6.0 MB 00:04
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.0 MB/s | 8.7 MB 00:04
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : python2-libs-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.x 1/4
Installing : python2-pip-9.0.3-13.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.noa 2/4
Installing : python2-setuptools-39.0.1-11.module_el8.0.0+32+017b 3/4
Installing : python2-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.x86_64 4/4
Running scriptlet: python2-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : python2-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : python2-libs-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.x 2/4
Verifying : python2-pip-9.0.3-13.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.noa 3/4
Verifying : python2-setuptools-39.0.1-11.module_el8.0.0+32+017b 4/4
Installed:
python2-pip-9.0.3-13.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.noarch
python2-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.x86_64
python2-libs-2.7.15-22.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.x86_64
python2-setuptools-39.0.1-11.module_el8.0.0+32+017b2cba.noarch
Complete!
安装Python3-pip
我们以同样的方式安装Python3-pip封装：
$sudo yum -y install python3-pip
CentOS-8 - AppStream 3.3 kB/s | 4.3 kB 00:01
CentOS-8 - Base 1.7 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:02
CentOS-8 - Extras 1.4 kB/s | 1.5 kB 00:01
Docker CE Stable - x86_64 3.1 kB/s | 3.5 kB 00:01
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 17 kB/s | 32 kB 00:01
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 464 kB/s | 1.8 MB 00:04
Dependencies resolved.
===============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
===============================================================================
Installing:
python3-pip noarch 9.0.3-13.el8 AppStream 18 k
Installing dependencies:
python36 x86_64 3.6.8-2.module_el8.0.0+33+0a10c0e1 AppStream 19 k
python3-setuptools noarch 39.2.0-4.el8 BaseOS 162 k
Enabling module streams:
python36 3.6
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 200 k
Installed size: 466 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): python3-pip-9.0.3-13.el8.noarch.rpm 15 kB/s | 18 kB 00:01
(2/3): python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.0.0+33+0a10 14 kB/s | 19 kB 00:01
(3/3): python3-setuptools-39.2.0-4.el8.noarch. 97 kB/s | 162 kB 00:01
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 70 kB/s | 200 kB 00:02
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-4.el8.noarch 1/3
Installing : python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.0.0+33+0a10c0e1.x86_64 2/3
Running scriptlet: python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.0.0+33+0a10c0e1.x86_64 2/3
Installing : python3-pip-9.0.3-13.el8.noarch 3/3
Running scriptlet: python3-pip-9.0.3-13.el8.noarch 3/3
Verifying : python3-pip-9.0.3-13.el8.noarch 1/3
Verifying : python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.0.0+33+0a10c0e1.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-4.el8.noarch 3/3
Installed:
python3-pip-9.0.3-13.el8.noarch
python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.0.0+33+0a10c0e1.x86_64
python3-setuptools-39.2.0-4.el8.noarch
Complete!
接下来，我们应该验证包装安装进展顺利。
通过查询版本号来确认安装
我们将在Python2-pip和python3-pip上查询版本信息：
$pip2 -V pip 9.0.3 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)
对于Python3-pip我们类型：
$pip3 -V pip 9.0.3 from /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)
搜索Python包
假设我们希望使用pip安装一些模块，但我们不知道确切的模块名称。
我们可以使用关键字搜索可用的包。
$pip2 search docker
或者
$pip3 search docker
docker (4.0.2) - A Python library for the Docker Engine
API.
docker-utils (0.1.4) - Utilities for Docker
Fifty-Docker (1.1) - Docker utilities.
monit-docker (0.0.32) - monit-docker
docker-deployer (0.1.0) - A Fabric framework for Docker
deployment based on Docker-Compose.
docker-pid (0.0.3) - docker-pid: Listing process IDs in
docker containers.
docker-fabric (0.5.0) - Build Docker images, and run Docker
containers in Fabric.
morgaroth-docker (0.0.1) - Morgaroths Docker Client
docker-api (0.1.3) - Docker API Client
docker-wrapper (2.1.2) - Docker Wrapper for Python
docker-registry (0.9.1) - Registry server for Docker
docker-py (1.10.6) - Python client for Docker.
docker-cloud (1.0.9) - CLI for Docker Cloud
docker-dev (1.0b2) - Development tools for Docker
pysecrets-docker (1.0.0) - Docker secrets to ENV
docker-master (0.0.2) - An alternative to docker-compose
bonobo-docker (0.6.0) - Docker extension for Bonobo
colomoto-docker (7.2) - Helper script to run docker image
colomoto/colomoto-docker
docker-parse (0.5.6) - Parse docker-run options from a running
Docker container
.....
该列表进行了，但我们将选择在下一个示例中安装Docker-Fabric模块。
使用pip安装模块(包)
我们可以使用简单的pip命令安装Docker-Fibre包：
$pip3 install docker-fabric
Collecting docker-fabric
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/66/2c75e141373dca58ec20ccdbb2b2204a07e02f692c7fc42c83fe98e71bfd/docker-fabric-0.5.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from docker-fabric)
Collecting Fabric>=1.8.0 (from docker-fabric)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/cb/47feeb00dae857f0fbd1153a61e902e54ed77ccdc578b371a514a3959a19/fabric-2.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (51kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 1.3MB/s
Collecting docker-py>=1.9.0 (from docker-fabric)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/23/c7/1fd6d4d620809fe2f323869d719e2dd0086c939b67021303a9ec40f5a05b/docker_py-1.10.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (50kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 4.8MB/s
Collecting docker-map>=0.8.0b2 (from docker-fabric)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c8/31/b23be95ca29113b0af3fc3c931de5f471f3a7e07af0d4ce29d47445dcc07/docker-map-1.0.0.tar.gz (109kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 2.5MB/s
Collecting paramiko>=2.4 (from Fabric>=1.8.0->docker-fabric)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/80/74dace9e48b0ef923633dfb5e48798f58a168e4734bca8ecfaf839ba051a/paramiko-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (199kB)
....
Running setup.py install for docker-map ... done
Running setup.py install for docker-fabric ... done
Successfully installed Fabric-2.5.0 bcrypt-3.1.7 certifi-2019.9.11 chardet-3.0.4 cryptography-2.7 docker-fabric-0.5.0 docker-map-1.0.0 docker-py-1.10.6 docker-pycreds-0.4.0 invoke-1.3.0 paramiko-2.6.0 pynacl-1.3.0 requests-2.22.0 urllib3-1.25.6 websocket-client-0.56.0
列出已安装的软件包
要列出已安装的软件包，我们使用此命令：
$pip3 list bcrypt (3.1.7) certifi (2019.9.11) cffi (1.11.5) chardet (3.0.4) configobj (5.0.6) cryptography (2.7) decorator (4.2.1) docker-fabric (0.5.0) docker-map (1.0.0) docker-py (1.10.6) docker-pycreds (0.4.0) fabric (2.5.0) gpg (1.10.0) idna (2.5) .....
要列出过时的包，我们键入：
$pip2 list --outdated pip (9.0.3) - Latest: 19.2.3 [wheel] setuptools (39.0.1) - Latest: 41.2.0 [wheel]
使用pip删除模块(包)
在本教程中唯一留下的是如何删除PIP包。
它相当简单，我们输入：
$pip3 uninstall docker-fabric Uninstalling docker-fabric-0.5.0: /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/docker_fabric-0.5.0-py3.6.egg-info /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dockerfabric/__init__.py /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dockerfabric/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-36.pyc /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dockerfabric/__pycache__/actions.cpython-36.pyc /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dockerfabric/__pycache__/api.cpython-36.pyc /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dockerfabric/__pycache__/apiclient.cpython-36.pyc ..... /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dockerfabric/utils/output.py /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dockerfabric/utils/users.py /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dockerfabric/yaml.py Proceed (y/n)? y
我们将呈现有关要删除的文件列表。
当我们通过键入y进行键时，将删除软件包。
Proceed (y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled docker-fabric-0.5.0
