ASP.NET的友好URL

时间:2020-03-05 18:48:04  来源:igfitidea点击:

Python框架始终提供处理URL的方法,这些URL以优雅的方式传达请求的数据,例如http://somewhere.overtherainbow.com/userid/123424/

我希望我们注意到结束路径/ userid / 123424 /

我们如何在ASP.NET中做到这一点?

解决方案

回答

另外,请签出ASP.NET MVC或者在Webforms上进行设置(ASP.NET 3.5 SP1中新的System.Web.Routing命名空间)

回答

本示例使用ASP.NET路由来实现友好的URL。

应用程序处理的映射示例如下:

http:// samplesite / userid / 1234 http://samplesite/users.aspx?userid = 1234
http:// samplesite / userid / 1235 http://samplesite/users.aspx?userid = 1235

本示例使用查询字符串,并且避免了修改aspx页面上的代码的任何要求。

<system.web>
<compilation debug="true">
        <assemblies>
            …
            <add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0,    Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/>
        </assemblies>
    </compilation>
…
    <httpModules>
    …
        <add name="UrlRoutingModule" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule, System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        </httpModules>
</system.web>
<system.webServer>
    …
    <modules>
        …
        <add name="UrlRoutingModule" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule, System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/>
    </modules>
    <handlers
…   
        <add name="UrlRoutingHandler" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="*" path="UrlRouting.axd" type="System.Web.HttpForbiddenHandler,                 System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,              PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/>
    </handlers>
</system.webServer>

定义从友好URL到aspx页面的映射,保存请求的用户ID供以后使用。

void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
    routes.Add("UseridRoute", new Route
    (
       "userid/{userid}",
       new CustomRouteHandler("~/users.aspx")
    ));
}

在进行路由之前,将querystring添加到当前上下文。

using System.Web.Compilation;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Routing;

public class CustomRouteHandler : IRouteHandler
{
    public CustomRouteHandler(string virtualPath)
    {
        this.VirtualPath = virtualPath;
    }

    public string VirtualPath { get; private set; }

    public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext
          requestContext)
    {
        // Add the querystring to the URL in the current context
        string queryString = "?userid=" + requestContext.RouteData.Values["userid"];
        HttpContext.Current.RewritePath(
          string.Concat(
          VirtualPath,
          queryString)); 

        var page = BuildManager.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath
             (VirtualPath, typeof(Page)) as IHttpHandler;
        return page;
    }
}

aspx页面上的代码可供参考。

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string id = Page.Request.QueryString["userid"];
    switch (id)
    {
        case "1234":
            lblUserId.Text = id;
            lblUserName.Text = "Bill";
            break;
        case "1235":
            lblUserId.Text = id;
            lblUserName.Text = "Claire";
            break;
        case "1236":
            lblUserId.Text = id;
            lblUserName.Text = "David";
            break;
        default:
            lblUserId.Text = "0000";
            lblUserName.Text = "Unknown";
            break;
}

回答

这是一个替代示例,该示例也使用ASP.NET路由来实现友好的URL。

应用程序处理的映射示例如下:

http:// samplesite / userid / 1234 http://samplesite/users.aspx?userid = 1234
http:// samplesite / userid / 1235 http://samplesite/users.aspx?userid = 1235

此示例不使用查询字符串,但是需要在aspx页面上添加其他代码。

<system.web>
<compilation debug="true">
        <assemblies>
            …
            <add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0,    Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/>
        </assemblies>
    </compilation>
…
    <httpModules>
    …
        <add name="UrlRoutingModule" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule, System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        </httpModules>
</system.web>
<system.webServer>
    …
    <modules>
        …
        <add name="UrlRoutingModule" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule, System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/>
    </modules>
    <handlers
…   
        <add name="UrlRoutingHandler" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="*" path="UrlRouting.axd" type="System.Web.HttpForbiddenHandler,                 System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,              PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/>
    </handlers>
</system.webServer>

定义从友好URL到aspx页面的映射,保存请求的用户ID供以后使用。

void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
    routes.Add("UseridRoute", new Route
    (
       "userid/{userid}",
       new CustomRouteHandler("~/users.aspx")
    ));
}

将包含参数的路由上下文传递到页面。 (请注意IRoutablePage的定义)

using System.Web.Compilation;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Routing;

public interface IRoutablePage
{
    RequestContext RequestContext { set; }
}

public class CustomRouteHandler : IRouteHandler
{
    public CustomRouteHandler(string virtualPath)
    {
        this.VirtualPath = virtualPath;
    }

    public string VirtualPath { get; private set; }

    public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext
          requestContext)
    {
        var page = BuildManager.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath
             (VirtualPath, typeof(Page)) as IHttpHandler;

        if (page != null)
        {
            var routablePage = page as IRoutablePage;

            if (routablePage != null) routablePage.RequestContext = requestContext;
        }

        return page;
    }
}

请注意IRoutablePage的实现。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.Routing;

public partial class users : System.Web.UI.Page, IRoutablePage
{
    protected RequestContext requestContext;

    protected object RouteValue(string key)
    {
        return requestContext.RouteData.Values[key];
    }

    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string id = RouteValue("userid").ToString();
        switch (id)
        {
            case "1234":
                lblUserId.Text = id;
                lblUserName.Text = "Bill";
                break;
            case "1235":
                lblUserId.Text = id;
                lblUserName.Text = "Claire";
                break;
            case "1236":
                lblUserId.Text = id;
                lblUserName.Text = "David";
                break;
            default:
                lblUserId.Text = "0000";
                lblUserName.Text = "Unknown";
                break;
        }
    }

    #region IRoutablePage Members

    public RequestContext RequestContext
    {
        set { requestContext = value; }
    }

    #endregion
}

回答

这是使用ASP.NET MVC的另一种方法

首先,这是带有两个动作的控制器代码。索引从模型中获取用户列表,用户标识获取单个用户:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax;

namespace MvcApplication1.Controllers
{
    public class UsersController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(Models.UserDB.GetUsers());
        }
        public ActionResult userid(int id)
        {
            return View(Models.UserDB.GetUser(id));
        }
    }
}

这是Index.asp视图,它使用ActionLink创建正确格式的链接:

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Index.aspx.cs" Inherits="MvcApplication1.Views.Index" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="MvcApplication1.Controllers" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="MvcApplication1.Models" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
    <h2>Index of Users</h2>
           <ul>
            <% foreach (User user in (IEnumerable)ViewData.Model) { %>
                 <li>
                       <%= Html.ActionLink(user.name, "userid", new {id = user.id })%>
                 </li>
            <% } %>
           </ul>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

这是显示个人详细信息的userid.aspx视图:

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="userid.aspx.cs" Inherits="MvcApplication1.Views.Users.userid" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="MvcApplication1.Controllers" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="MvcApplication1.Models" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <table border ="1">
            <tr>
                <td>
                ID
                </td>
                <td>
                <%=((User)ViewData.Model).id %>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                Name
                </td>
                <td>
                <%=((User)ViewData.Model).name %>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

最后为了完整起见,下面是模型代码:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace MvcApplication1.Models
{
    public class UserDB
    {
        private static List<User> users = new List<User>{
            new User(){id=12345, name="Bill"},
            new User(){id=12346, name="Claire"},
            new User(){id=12347, name="David"}
        };

        public static List<User> GetUsers()
        {
            return users;
        }

        public static User GetUser(int id)
        {
            return users.First(user => user.id == id);
        }

    }

    public class User
    {
        public int id { get; set; }
        public string name { get; set; }
    }
}

回答

我一直在使用Intelligencia的URL重写器:

http://urlrewriter.net/

配置它大概一个小时就可以使它全部启动并运行非常容易。很少有问题...

我会推荐它,但是我应该提到我没有尝试过其他任何方法。

祝你好运!