windows 如何强制 Robocopy 覆盖文件？
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How do I force Robocopy to overwrite files?
提问by tbl
In general, Robocopy ignores files for which lastwrittendate and filesize are the same. How can we escape this design? I'd like to force overwriting with Robocopy.
通常，Robocopy 会忽略上次写入日期和文件大小相同的文件。我们怎样才能摆脱这种设计？我想用 Robocopy 强制覆盖。
I expected that dst\sample.txt should be written test001. But these file are recognized as the same files by Robocopy and not overwritten. The "/IS" option is not effective in this case.
我希望 dst\sample.txt 应该写成 test001。但是这些文件被 Robocopy 识别为相同的文件，不会被覆盖。在这种情况下，“/IS”选项无效。
New-Item src -itemType Directory
New-Item dst -itemType Directory
New-Item src\sample.txt -itemType File -Value "test001"
New-Item dst\sample.txt -itemType File -Value "test002"
Set-ItemProperty src\sample.txt -Name LastWriteTime -Value "2016/1/1 15:00:00"
Set-ItemProperty dst\sample.txt -Name LastWriteTime -Value "2016/1/1 15:00:00"
ROBOCOPY.exe src dst /COPYALL /MIR
Get-Content src\sample.txt, dst\sample.txt
> test001
> test002
ROBOCOPY.exe src dst /COPYALL /MIR /IS
Get-Content src\sample.txt, dst\sample.txt
> test001
> test002
回答by Ansgar Wiechers
From the documentation:
从文档：
/isIncludes the same files./itIncludes "tweaked" files.
/is包括相同的文件。/it包括“调整过的”文件。
"Same files" means files that are identical (name, size, times, attributes). "Tweaked files" means files that have the same name, size, and times, but different attributes.
“相同文件”是指相同的文件（名称、大小、时间、属性）。“调整文件”是指具有相同名称、大小和时间但属性不同的文件。
robocopy src dst sample.txt /is # copy if attributes are equal
robocopy src dst sample.txt /it # copy if attributes differ
robocopy src dst sample.txt /is /it # copy irrespective of attributes
This answeron Super User has a good explanation of what kind of files the selection parameters match.
超级用户上的这个答案很好地解释了选择参数匹配的文件类型。
With that said, I could reproduce the behavior you describe, but from my understanding of the documentation and the output robocopygenerated in my tests I would consider this a bug.
话虽如此，我可以重现您描述的行为，但根据我对文档和robocopy测试中生成的输出的理解，我认为这是一个错误。
PS C:\temp> New-Item src -Type Directory >$null
PS C:\temp> New-Item dst -Type Directory >$null
PS C:\temp> New-Item src\sample.txt -Type File -Value "test001" >$null
PS C:\temp> New-Item dst\sample.txt -Type File -Value "test002" >$null
PS C:\temp> Set-ItemProperty src\sample.txt -Name LastWriteTime -Value "2016/1/1 15:00:00"
PS C:\temp> Set-ItemProperty dst\sample.txt -Name LastWriteTime -Value "2016/1/1 15:00:00"
PS C:\temp> robocopy src dst sample.txt /is /it /copyall /mir
...
Options : /S /E /COPYALL /PURGE /MIR /IS /IT /R:1000000 /W:30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 C:\temp\src\
Modified 7 sample.txt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Copied Skipped Mismatch FAILED Extras
Dirs : 1 0 0 0 0 0
Files : 1 1 0 0 0 0
Bytes : 7 7 0 0 0 0
...
PS C:\temp> robocopy src dst sample.txt /is /it /copyall /mir
...
Options : /S /E /COPYALL /PURGE /MIR /IS /IT /R:1000000 /W:30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 C:\temp\src\
Same 7 sample.txt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Copied Skipped Mismatch FAILED Extras
Dirs : 1 0 0 0 0 0
Files : 1 1 0 0 0 0
Bytes : 7 7 0 0 0 0
...
PS C:\temp> Get-Content .\src\sample.txt
test001
PS C:\temp> Get-Content .\dst\sample.txt
test002
The file is listed as copied, and since it becomes a same file afterthe first robocopyrun at least the times are synced. However, even though seven bytes have been copied according to the output no data was actually written to the destination file in both cases despite the data flag being set (via /copyall). The behavior also doesn't change if the data flag is set explicitly (/copy:d).
该文件被列为已复制，并且由于它在第一次robocopy运行后成为同一个文件，至少时间是同步的。然而，即使根据输出复制了七个字节，在这两种情况下，尽管设置了数据标志（通过/copyall），但实际上没有数据写入目标文件。如果显式设置数据标志 ( /copy:d)，则行为也不会改变。
I had to modify the last write time to get robocopyto actually synchronize the data.
我不得不修改上次写入时间robocopy才能真正同步数据。
PS C:\temp> Set-ItemProperty src\sample.txt -Name LastWriteTime -Value (Get-Date)
PS C:\temp> robocopy src dst sample.txt /is /it /copyall /mir
...
Options : /S /E /COPYALL /PURGE /MIR /IS /IT /R:1000000 /W:30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 C:\temp\src\
100% Newer 7 sample.txt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Copied Skipped Mismatch FAILED Extras
Dirs : 1 0 0 0 0 0
Files : 1 1 0 0 0 0
Bytes : 7 7 0 0 0 0
...
PS C:\temp> Get-Content .\dst\sample.txt
test001
An admittedly ugly workaround would be to change the last write time of same/tweaked files to force robocopyto copy the data:
一个公认的丑陋解决方法是更改相同/调整文件的最后写入时间以强制robocopy复制数据：
& robocopy src dst /is /it /l /ndl /njh /njs /ns /nc |
Where-Object { $_.Trim() } |
ForEach-Object {
$f = Get-Item $_
$f.LastWriteTime = $f.LastWriteTime.AddSeconds(1)
}
& robocopy src dst /copyall /mir
Switching to xcopyis probably your best option:
切换到xcopy可能是您最好的选择：
& xcopy src dst /k/r/e/i/s/c/h/f/o/x/y
回答by Rickz
I did this for a home folder where all the folders are on the desktops of the corresponding users, reachable through a shortcut which did not have the appropriate permissions, so that users couldn't see it even if it was there. So I used Robocopy with the parameter to overwrite the file with the right settings:
我为一个主文件夹执行此操作，其中所有文件夹都位于相应用户的桌面上，可通过没有适当权限的快捷方式访问，因此即使它在那里，用户也看不到它。所以我使用带有参数的 Robocopy 以正确的设置覆盖文件：
FOR /F "tokens=*" %G IN ('dir /b') DO robocopy "\server02\Folder with shortcut" "\server02\home\%G\Desktop" /S /A /V /log+:C:\RobocopyShortcut.txt /XF *.url *.mp3 *.hta *.htm *.mht *.js *.IE5 *.css *.temp *.html *.svg *.ocx *.3gp *.opus *.zzzzz *.avi *.bin *.cab *.mp4 *.mov *.mkv *.flv *.tiff *.tif *.asf *.webm *.exe *.dll *.dl_ *.oc_ *.ex_ *.sy_ *.sys *.msi *.inf *.ini *.bmp *.png *.gif *.jpeg *.jpg *.mpg *.db *.wav *.wma *.wmv *.mpeg *.tmp *.old *.vbs *.log *.bat *.cmd *.zip /SEC /IT /ZB /R:0
As you see there are many file types which I set to ignore (just in case), just set them for your needs or your case scenario.
如您所见，有许多文件类型我设置为忽略（以防万一），只需根据您的需要或您的情况设置它们。
It was tested on Windows Server 2012, and every switch is documented on Microsoft's sites and others.
它在 Windows Server 2012 上进行了测试，并且每个开关都记录在 Microsoft 的站点和其他站点上。
