java 使用 WebDriver 暂时绕过隐式等待
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Temporarily bypassing implicit waits with WebDriver
提问by Jonik
When using implicit waits, as advised here, I still sometimeswant to assert the immediateinvisibility or non-existence of elements.
当使用隐式等待时，正如这里所建议的，我有时仍然想断言元素的直接不可见性或不存在。
In other words, I knowsome elements should be hidden, and want my tests make that assertion fast, without spending several seconds because of the (otherwise useful) implicit wait.
换句话说，我知道一些元素应该被隐藏，并且希望我的测试快速做出该断言，而不会因为（其他有用的）隐式等待而花费几秒钟。
One thing I tried was a helper method like this:
我尝试过的一件事是这样的辅助方法：
// NB: doesn't seem to do what I want
private boolean isElementHiddenNow(String id) {
WebDriverWait zeroWait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 0);
ExpectedCondition<Boolean> c = invisibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(id));
try {
zeroWait.until(c);
return true;
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
return false;
}
}
But in the above code, the call to until()only returns after the implicit wait time has passed, i.e., it doesn't do what I wanted.
但是在上面的代码中，调用until()只在隐式等待时间过去后返回，即它没有做我想要的。
This is the only way I've found so far that works:
这是迄今为止我发现的唯一有效方法：
@Test
public void checkThatSomethingIsNotVisible() {
turnOffImplicitWaits();
// ... the actual test
turnOnImplicitWaits();
}
... where e.g. turnOffImplicitWaits()is a helper in common Selenium superclass:
... 其中 egturnOffImplicitWaits()是普通 Selenium 超类中的帮手：
protected void turnOffImplicitWaits() {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
But that is not very elegant, I think. Is there any cleaner way to bypass the implicit wait occasionally?
但这不是很优雅，我认为。有没有更简洁的方法可以偶尔绕过隐式等待？
采纳答案by Jonik
Given that Selenium doesn't seem to offer what I want directly (based on what Mike Kwan and Slanec said), this simple helper method is what I went with for now:
鉴于 Selenium 似乎没有直接提供我想要的东西（基于 Mike Kwan 和 Slanec 所说的），这个简单的辅助方法是我现在所采用的：
protected boolean isElementHiddenNow(String id) {
turnOffImplicitWaits();
boolean result = ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(id)).apply(driver);
turnOnImplicitWaits();
return result;
}
private void turnOffImplicitWaits() {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
private void turnOnImplicitWaits() {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
If the element is hidden or not present at all, the method returns true; if it is visible, returns false. Either way, the check is done instantly.
如果元素隐藏或根本不存在，则该方法返回 true；如果可见，则返回 false。无论哪种方式，检查都会立即完成。
Using the above is at least much cleaner than littering the test cases themselves with calls to turnOffImplicitWaits()and turnOnImplicitWaits().
使用上面的方法至少比通过调用turnOffImplicitWaits()和来乱丢测试用例本身要干净得多turnOnImplicitWaits()。
See also these answers for fined-tuned versions of the same approach:
另请参阅相同方法的微调版本的这些答案：
回答by Mindshadow71
I would also suggest changing the parameter to a "By" locator for more flexibility when looking for the element.
我还建议将参数更改为“By”定位器，以便在查找元素时更加灵活。
protected boolean isElementHiddenNow(By locator) {
turnOffImplicitWaits();
boolean result = false;
try {
result = ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(locator).apply(driver);
}
finally {
turnOnImplicitWaits();
}
return result;
}
That way, you could search by css if needed rather than just id:
这样，如果需要，您可以通过 css 而不仅仅是 id 进行搜索：
By PartLinkLocator = By.cssSelector("div.search-result div.row a");
'Course, your locator should probably be designed to return only one element (unlike the "By" example I quickly grabbed, which returns all part links in a css table of rows...) So, an "id" example would look like
'当然，您的定位器可能应该设计为仅返回一个元素（与我快速抓取的“By”示例不同，它返回 css 行表中的所有部分链接......）所以，“id”示例看起来像
By usernameLocator = By.id("inputEmail");
myResult = isElementHiddenNow(usernameLocator);
回答by magnusarinell
My implementation:
我的实现：
using (driver.NoImplicitWait())
{
....
}
With extension method:
使用扩展方法：
public static NoImplicitWait NoImplicitWait(this IWebDriver driver)
{
return new NoImplicitWait(driver);
}
And class:
和类：
public sealed class NoImplicitWait : IDisposable
{
private readonly IWebDriver _driver;
public NoImplicitWait(IWebDriver driver)
{
_driver = driver;
_driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitlyWait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0));
}
public void Dispose()
{
_driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitlyWait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
}
}
回答by 3urdoch
@Jonic's answerhelped me, however I would add a try { } finally { }and call turnOnImplicitWaits()in the finallyblock to make sure it always turns back on.
@Jonic 的回答对我有帮助，但是我会在块中添加一个try { } finally { }并调用以确保它始终重新打开。turnOnImplicitWaits()finally
protected boolean isElementHiddenNow(String id) {
turnOffImplicitWaits();
boolean result = false;
try {
result = ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(id)).apply(driver);
}
finally {
turnOnImplicitWaits();
}
return result;
}
回答by Petr Jane?ek
My approach was to bypass Implicit wait entirely and reimplement it (with an addition of a visibility check etc.) in my own findElement()and findElements()methods which I now use by default. This way, when I want to check something instantly, I can call the original WebDriver method which does, of course, not wait.
我的方法是完全绕过隐式等待并在我自己的findElement()和findElements()我现在默认使用的方法中重新实现它（添加可见性检查等）。这样，当我想立即检查某些内容时，我可以调用原始的 WebDriver 方法，该方法当然不会等待。
回答by JayZee
In an existing code relying a lot on implicit wait way of thinking, and without CSS to the rescue, I found a way out nfor that kind of things, complementing it with Jsoup, and going on with Jsoup:
在大量依赖隐式等待思维方式的现有代码中，没有 CSS 来拯救，我找到了解决这类事情的方法，用 Jsoup 补充它，然后继续使用 Jsoup：
# this is straightforward Scala... put the types and it is Java.
val innerHtml = seleniumWebElementFatherInstance.getAttribute("innerHTML")
val jsoupElements = Jsoup.parse(innerHtml).select("div.your.css.selector")
