交互式 Python：尽管 line_profiler 已正确导入，但无法让 `%lprun` 工作
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Interactive Python: cannot get `%lprun` to work, although line_profiler is imported properly
提问by Mike Williamson
Problem
问题
Most iPython "magic functions" work fine for me right off the bat: %hist, %time, %prun, etc. However, I noticed that %lpruncould not be found with iPython as I'd installed it originally.
大多数IPython的“神奇功能”的工作对我罚款马上蝙蝠： %hist，%time，%prun等。然而，我注意到，%lprun无法IPython中找到，因为我想最初安装它。
Attempt to Resolve
尝试解决
I then discovered that I should install the line_profilermodule. I have installed this module, but still cannot seem to get the magic function to work correctly. If I attempt to call %lprun, iPython still cannot find the function. If I call it with the full name ( line_profiler.magic_lprun), the function can be found, but I cannot get it to work at all. Below is an example of what I'd done (which is taken step by step from "Python for Data Analysis" book):
然后我发现我应该安装该line_profiler模块。我已经安装了这个模块，但似乎仍然无法让魔法功能正常工作。如果我尝试调用%lprun，iPython 仍然找不到该函数。如果我使用全名 ( line_profiler.magic_lprun)调用它，则可以找到该函数，但我根本无法使其工作。下面是我所做的一个例子（它是从“Python for Data Analysis”一书中逐步完成的）：
Success Using %prun
成功使用 %prun
[In:]
[在：]
def add_and_sum(x, y):
added = x + y
summed = added.sum(axis=1)
return summed
x = randn(3000, 3000)
y = randn(3000, 3000)
add_and_sum(x, y)
With this I get a nice answer, as expected:
有了这个，我得到了一个很好的答案，正如预期的那样：
[Out:]
[出去：]
array([-23.6223074 , -10.08590736, -31.2957222 , ..., -14.17271747,
63.84057725, -50.28469621])
And I can do the profiling magic function %prun:
我可以执行分析魔术功能%prun：
[In:]
[在：]
%prun add_and_sum(x, y)
[Out:]
[出去：]
6 function calls in 0.042 seconds
Ordered by: internal time
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 0.020 0.020 0.029 0.029 <ipython-input-27-19f64f63ba0a>:1(add_and_sum)
1 0.013 0.013 0.042 0.042 <string>:1(<module>)
1 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 {method 'reduce' of 'numpy.ufunc' objects}
1 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.009 _methods.py:16(_sum)
1 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.009 {method 'sum' of 'numpy.ndarray' objects}
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
Fail Using %lprun
使用失败 %lprun
But when I try %lprun, I cannot get anything:
但是当我尝试时%lprun，我什么也得不到：
[In:]
[在：]
%lprun -f add_and_sum add_and_sum(x, y)
[Out:]
[出去：]
ERROR: Line magic function `%lprun` not found.
And if I try to call the function with its standard name, it also does not work:
如果我尝试使用其标准名称调用该函数，它也不起作用：
[In:]
[在：]
line_profiler.magic_lprun -f add_and_sum.test test.add_and_sum(x, y)
[Out:]
[出去：]
line_profiler.magic_lprun -f add_and_sum.test test.add_and_sum(x, y)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
But the library has been imported properly, or at least this is what it says:
但是该库已正确导入，或者至少它是这样说的：
[In:]
[在：]
line_profiler
[Out:]
[出去：]
<module 'line_profiler' from '/Users/<edit>/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/line_profiler-1.0b3-py2.7-macosx-10.5-x86_64.egg/line_profiler.pyc'>
[In:]
[在：]
line_profiler.magic_lprun
[Out:]
[出去：]
<function line_profiler.magic_lprun>
It seems as if there is something extra that I am supposed to configure so that these new magic functions that I add can be identified as such. I could not find anything via a web search.
似乎我应该配置一些额外的东西，以便可以识别我添加的这些新魔术功能。我无法通过网络搜索找到任何东西。
I am running Spyder as an IDE (still using iPython as the console), but I have also tried it directly with iPython and with iPython notebook. I have had no luck in any format.
我将 Spyder 作为 IDE 运行（仍然使用 iPython 作为控制台），但我也直接使用 iPython 和 iPython notebook 进行了尝试。我没有任何形式的运气。
采纳答案by lmiguelvargasf
You have two ways to make work %lprun, one solution is temporal, i.e., it lasts until you finish your ipythonsession, and the other one is permanent.
您有两种工作方式%lprun，一种是暂时的，即它持续到您完成ipython会话，另一种是永久性的。
Temporal:(as Carlos Cordoba's answer)
时间：（如卡洛斯科尔多瓦的回答）
After starting ipythonrun the following:
启动后ipython运行以下命令：
In [1]: %load_ext line_profiler
Permanent:
永恒的：
Add the following lines to ~/.ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py:
将以下行添加到~/.ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py：
c.TerminalIPythonApp.extensions = [
'line_profiler',
]
If you don't have the file ~/.ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py, you can create it by (see thisfor more info):
如果您没有该文件~/.ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py，则可以通过以下方式创建它（有关更多信息，请参阅此内容）：
ipython profile create
回答by Carlos Cordoba
To make %lprunwork, you need to load the extension into your session, using this command:
为了%lprun工作，您需要使用以下命令将扩展加载到您的会话中：
In [1]: %load_ext line_profiler
Check out this notebookto see some examples that use the magic.
查看此笔记本以查看一些使用魔法的示例。
Besides, if you are working with Spyder, there is also a third-party line_profilerplugin, which you can find here.
此外，如果您使用的是 Spyder，还有一个第三方line_profiler插件，您可以在这里找到。
