python：不同包下同名的两个模块和类
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python: Two modules and classes with the same name under different packages
提问by Mayank
I have started to learn python and writing a practice app. The directory structure looks like
我已经开始学习python并编写一个练习应用程序。目录结构看起来像
src
|
--ShutterDeck
|
--Helper
|
--User.py -> class User
--Controller
|
--User.py -> class User
The srcdirectory is in PYTHONPATH. In a different file, lets say main.py, I want to access both Userclasses. How can I do it.
该src目录是PYTHONPATH。在另一个文件中，可以说main.py，我想访问这两个User类。我该怎么做。
I tried using the following but it fails:
我尝试使用以下方法但失败了：
import cherrypy
from ShutterDeck.Controller import User
from ShutterDeck.Helper import User
class Root:
@cherrypy.expose
def index(self):
return 'Hello World'
u1=User.User()
u2=User.User()
That's certainly ambiguous. The other (c++ way of doing it) way that I can think of is
这当然是模棱两可的。我能想到的另一种（c++ 方式）方式是
import cherrypy
from ShutterDeck import Controller
from ShutterDeck import Helper
class Root:
@cherrypy.expose
def index(self):
return 'Hello World'
u1=Controller.User.User()
u2=Helper.User.User()
But when above script is run, it gives the following error
但是当上面的脚本运行时，它给出了以下错误
u1=Controller.User.User()
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'User'
I'm not able to figure out why is it erroring out? The directories ShutterDeck, Helperand Controllerhave __init__.pyin them.
我无法弄清楚为什么会出错？该目录ShutterDeck，Helper并Controller具有__init__.py在其中。
采纳答案by Martijn Pieters
You want to import the Usermodules in the package __init__.pyfiles to make them available as attributes.
您希望导入User包__init__.py文件中的模块以使其可用作属性。
So in both Helper/__init_.pyand Controller/__init__.pyadd:
因此，在这两个Helper/__init_.py和Controller/__init__.py补充：
from . import User
This makes the module an attribute of the package and you can now refer to it as such.
这使模块成为包的一个属性，您现在可以这样引用它。
Alternatively, you'd have to import the modules themselves in full:
或者，您必须完全导入模块本身：
import ShutterDeck.Controller.User
import ShutterDeck.Helper.User
u1=ShutterDeck.Controller.User.User()
u2=ShutterDeck.Helper.User.User()
so refer to them with their full names.
所以用他们的全名来指代他们。
Another option is to rename the imported name with as:
另一种选择是使用以下命令重命名导入的名称as：
from ShutterDeck.Controller import User as ControllerUser
from ShutterDeck.Helper import User as HelperUser
u1 = ControllerUser.User()
u2 = HelperUser.User()
回答by Andrew Gorcester
One way is just:
一种方法是：
import ShutterDeck.Controller.User
import ShutterDeck.Helper.User
cuser = ShutterDeck.Controller.User.User()
huser = ShutterDeck.Helper.User.User()
You can also do this:
你也可以这样做：
from ShutterDeck.Controller.User import User as ControllerUser
from ShutterDeck.Helper.User import User as HelperUser
回答by jaor
This might also help (struggled with similar problem today):
这也可能有帮助（今天遇到了类似的问题）：
ShutterDeck
├── Controller
│?? ├── __init__.py
│?? └── User.py
├── Helper
│?? ├── __init__.py
│?? └── User.py
└── __init__.py
in ShutterDeck/{Controller,Helper}/__init__.py:
在ShutterDeck/{Controller,Helper}/__init__.py：
from .User import User
And then:
进而：
>>> import ShutterDeck.Helper
>>> helperUser = ShutterDeck.Helper.User()
>>> helperUser
<ShutterDeck.Helper.User.User object at 0x1669b90>
>>> import ShutterDeck.Controller
>>> controllerUser = ShutterDeck.Controller.User()
>>> controllerUser
<ShutterDeck.Controller.User.User object at 0x1669c90>
