bash 函数 grep --exclude-dir 不起作用
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bash function grep --exclude-dir not working
提问by Noah Duncan
I have the following function defined in my .bashrc, but for some reason the --exclude-dir option is not excluding the .git directory. Can anyone see what I've done wrong? I'm using Ubuntu 13.10 if that helps.
我在 .bashrc 中定义了以下函数，但出于某种原因，--exclude-dir 选项不排除 .git 目录。谁能看到我做错了什么？如果有帮助，我正在使用 Ubuntu 13.10。
function fif # find in files
{
pattern=${1?" Usage: fif <word_pattern> [files pattern]"};
files=${2:+"-iname \"\""};
grep "$pattern" --color -n -H -s $(find . $files -type f) --exclude-dir=.git --exclude="*.min.*"
return 0;
}
回答by dinosaur
Make sure not to include a trailing slash when you specify the directory to exclude. For example:
指定要排除的目录时，请确保不要包含尾部斜杠。例如：
Do this:
做这个：
$ grep -r --exclude-dir=node_modules firebase .
NOT this:
不是这个：
$ grep -r --exclude-dir=node_modules/ firebase .
(This answer not applicable to OP, but may be helpful for others who find --exclude-dirnot to be working -- it worked for me.)
（这个答案不适用于 OP，但可能对发现--exclude-dir不工作的其他人有帮助——它对我有用。）
回答by David W.
Do a man grepon your system, and see what version you have. Your version of grep may not be able to use --exclude-dirs.
man grep在你的系统上做一个，看看你有什么版本。您的 grep 版本可能无法使用--exclude-dirs.
You're really better off using findto find the files you want, then use grepto parse them:
您最好使用find查找所需的文件，然后使用grep解析它们：
$ find . -name '.git' -type d -prune \
-o -name "*.min.*" -prune \
-o -type f -exec grep --color -n -H {} "$pattern" \;
I'm not a fan of the recursive grep. Its syntax has become bloated, and it's really unnecessary. We have a perfectly good tool for finding files that match a particular criteria, thank you.
我不喜欢递归grep。它的语法变得臃肿了，真的没有必要。我们有一个非常好的工具来查找符合特定条件的文件，谢谢。
In the findprogram, the -oseparate out the various clauses. If a file has not been filtered out by a previous -pruneclause, it is passed to the next one. Once you've pruned out all of the .gitdirectories and all of the *.min.*files, you pass the results to the -execclause that executes your grep command on that one file.
在find程序中，-o将各个子句分开。如果一个文件没有被前一个-prune子句过滤掉，它就会被传递到下一个子句。删除所有.git目录和所有*.min.*文件后，将结果传递给对该文件-exec执行 grep 命令的子句。
Some people prefer it this way:
有些人更喜欢这样：
$ find . -name '.git' -type d -prune \
-o -name "*.min.*" -prune \
-o -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep --color -n -H "$pattern"
The -print0prints out all of the found files separated by the NULL character. The xargs -0will read in that list of files and pass them to the grepcommand. The -0tells xargsthat the file names are NULL separated and not whitespace separated. Some xargswill take --nullinstead of the -0parameter.
该-print0出所有找到的文件打印相隔NULL字符。该xargs -0会在文件的该列表读取，并将其传递给grep命令。该-0通知xargs，文件名是NULL分离，而不是空格隔开。有些xargs会--null代替-0参数。
