bash 匹配模式的 grep 文件名并移动到所需的文件夹
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grep filenames matching a pattern and move to desired folder
提问by ana
I have a list of patterns in a .txt file. [list.txt]. Foreach line in list.txt, I want to find all the files at a location which begin with the specified pattern in list.txt, and then move these files to another location. Consider an example case.
我在 .txt 文件中有一个模式列表。[列表.txt]。对于list.txt 中的每一行，我想在list.txt 中以指定模式开始的位置查找所有文件，然后将这些文件移动到另一个位置。考虑一个例子。
at ~/home/ana/folder_aI have list.txt, which looks like this...
在~/home/ana/folder_a我有list.txt，看起来像这样......
list.txt
列表.txt
1abc
2def
3xyz
At this location i.e /home/ana/folder_a/, there are multiple files which are beginning with the patterns in list.txt. So, there are files like 1abc_a.txt, 1abc_c.txt, 1abc_f.txt, 2def_g.txt, 3xyz_a.txt
在这个位置，即/home/ana/folder_a/，有多个以 list.txt 中的模式开头的文件。所以，有像 1abc_a.txt, 1abc_c.txt, 1abc_f.txt, 2def_g.txt, 3xyz_a.txt 这样的文件
So what I want to achieve is this:
所以我想要实现的是：
for i in cat list.txt; do
ls | grep '^$i' [thats the pattern] |
mv [files containing the pattern] to /home/ana/folder_b/
Please note that at the other location, i.e /home/ana/folder_b/ I have already created directories, specific for each pattern.
请注意，在另一个位置，即 /home/ana/folder_b/，我已经创建了特定于每个模式的目录。
So /home/ana/folder_b/ contains subdirectories like 1abc/ , 2def/ , 3xyz/ In effect, I wish to move all the files matching pattern '1abc', '2def' and '3xyz' from /home/ana/folder_a/ to their respective sub-directories in /home/ana/folder_b/, such that /home/ana/folder_b/1abc will have 1abc_a.txt , 1abc_c.txt , and 1abc_f.txt ; /home/ana/folder_b/2def/ will have 2def_g.txt and /home/ana/folder_b/3xyz/ will have 3xyz_a.txt
所以 /home/ana/folder_b/ 包含像 1abc/ 、 2def/ 、 3xyz/ 这样的子目录 实际上，我希望从 /home/ana/folder_a/ 移动与模式 '1abc'、'2def' 和 '3xyz' 匹配的所有文件到 /home/ana/folder_b/ 中各自的子目录，这样 /home/ana/folder_b/1abc 将有 1abc_a.txt 、 1abc_c.txt 和 1abc_f.txt ；/home/ana/folder_b/2def/ 将有 2def_g.txt 和 /home/ana/folder_b/3xyz/ 将有 3xyz_a.txt
采纳答案by Thor
I think glob expansion is the way to go here:
我认为 glob 扩展是这里的方法：
while read pattern; do
mv "${pattern}"* ../folder_b/"$pattern"
done < list.txt
Start with an echoin front of the mvcommand, and remove it when you're happy with the output.
从命令echo前面的an 开始，mv当您对输出感到满意时将其删除。
回答by Chris Seymour
Grep's -foption matches patterns from a file so you don't have to loop over each line in the file in shell:
Grep 的-f选项匹配文件中的模式，因此您不必遍历文件中的每一行shell：
$ ls # List all files in dir, some match, some don't
1abc_a.txt 1abc_c.txt 1abc_f.txt 2def_g.txt 3xyz_a.txt file1 file2 list.txt
$ cat list.txt # List patterns to match against
1abc
2def
3xyz
$ ls | grep -f list.txt # grep for files that only match pattern
1abc_a.txt
1abc_c.txt
1abc_f.txt
2def_g.txt
3xyz_a.txt
Pipe to xargsto do the move:
管道xargs来做移动：
ls | grep -f list.txt | xargs -i -t mv {} ../folder_B
mv 1abc_a.txt ../folderB
mv 1abc_c.txt ../folderB
mv 1abc_f.txt ../folderB
mv 2def_g.txt ../folderB
mv 3xyz_a.txt ../folderB
Edit: Realised I missed the subdirectory part of the question, @Thor's answers is the best approach for this, still I think you might find some use from this answer.
编辑：意识到我错过了问题的子目录部分，@Thor 的答案是最好的方法，但我仍然认为您可能会从这个答案中找到一些用处。
回答by nullrevolution
i'd suggest using the -execaction of findto call mvin your loop.
我建议使用在你的循环中调用的-exec动作。findmv
beginning file structure: (as you can see, i'm calling this from the parent of folder_a and folder_b)
起始文件结构：（如您所见，我从 folder_a 和 folder_b 的父级调用它）
$ find
.
./folder_a
./folder_a/1abc_a.txt
./folder_a/1abc_c.txt
./folder_a/1abc_f.txt
./folder_a/2def_g.txt
./folder_a/3xyz_a.txt
./folder_b
./folder_b/1abc
./folder_b/2def
./folder_b/3xyz
./list.txt
$ cat list.txt
1abc
2def
3xyz
command:
命令：
while read pattern
do
find ./folder_a -type f -name "$pattern*" -exec mv "{}" "./folder_b/$pattern" \;
done <list.txt
alternate command (same thing, just all on one line):
替代命令（同样的事情，只是在一行上）：
while read pattern; do find ./folder_a -type f -name "$pattern*" -exec mv "{}" "./folder_b/$pattern" \;; done <list.txt
resulting file structure:
结果文件结构：
$ find
.
./folder_a
./folder_b
./folder_b/1abc
./folder_b/1abc/1abc_a.txt
./folder_b/1abc/1abc_c.txt
./folder_b/1abc/1abc_f.txt
./folder_b/2def
./folder_b/2def/2def_g.txt
./folder_b/3xyz
./folder_b/3xyz/3xyz_a.txt
./list.txt
