在Centos和Ubuntu的Rails上安装Ruby
时间：2020-03-21 11:45:46 来源:igfitidea点击:
Ruby在Rails上是一个免费的开源Web应用程序框架，允许我们更容易且快速地构建Web应用程序。
有数百万个流行的应用程序，如Basecamp，Github，Shopify，Airbnb，抽搐，SoundCloud，Hulu，Zendesk，Square，Highris，以及许多人在Rails上使用Ruby建造。
在本教程中，我们将看到如何在CentOS 7和Ubuntu 18.04 LTS服务器上安装在Rails上安装Ruby。
此外，下面给出的安装步骤应在其他基于DEB和RPM的分布上工作。
在Rails上安装Ruby
准备工作
使用命令更新和升级Ubuntu系统：
$sudo apt-get update
$sudo apt-get upgrade
在CentOS上，运行：
$sudo yum update
然后安装Ruby环境管理器(不久RVM)。
它是一个命令行工具，用于轻松安装，管理和处理多个Ruby环境。
我们需要下载并添加RVM公钥。
为此，请先安装curl包。
在CentOS上：
$sudo yum install curl
在Ubuntu上：
$sudo apt-get install curl
现在，逐个运行以下命令以下载并添加RVM公钥：
$curl -#LO https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc
$gpg --import mpapis.asc
使用命令下载RVM Installer脚本：
$curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
示例输出：
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.3.tar.gz Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.3/1.29.3.tar.gz.asc gpg: Signature made Monday 11 September 2016 02:29:21 AM IST gpg: using RSA key E206C29FBF04FF17 gpg: Good signature from "Michal Papis (RVM signing) <Hyman@theitroad>" [unknown] gpg: aka "Michal Papis <Hyman@theitroad>" [unknown] gpg: aka "[jpeg image of size 5015]" [unknown] gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: 409B 6B17 96C2 7546 2A17 0311 3804 BB82 D39D C0E3 Subkey fingerprint: 62C9 E5F4 DA30 0D94 AC36 166B E206 C29F BF04 FF17 GPG verified '/home/sk/.rvm/archives/rvm-1.29.3.tgz' Installing RVM to /home/sk/.rvm/ Adding rvm PATH line to /home/sk/.profile /home/sk/.mkshrc /home/sk/.bashrc /home/sk/.zshrc. Adding rvm loading line to /home/sk/.profile /home/sk/.bash_profile /home/sk/.zlogin. Installation of RVM in /home/sk/.rvm/is almost complete: * To start using RVM you need to run `source /home/sk/.rvm/scripts/rvm` in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
正如我们在上面的输出中注意到的那样，有一条线说"开始使用RVM我们需要运行"源/home/sk/.rvm/scripts/rvm`"：
因此，让我们运行该命令来设置RVM环境路径：
$source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
在基于RPM的系统上，这条线可能是不同的。
检查输出并相应运行该命令。
在我的CentOS 7操作系统中，我必须开始使用RVM来运行source/etc/profile.d/rvm.sh。
所以，我ran以下命令：
$source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
添加RVM路径后，请运行以下命令以安装RVM依赖项。
$rvm requirements
示例输出：
Checking requirements for ubuntu. Installing requirements for ubuntu. Updating system .. . Installing required packages: g++, gcc, make, libc6-dev, libreadline6-dev, zlib1g-dev, libssl-dev, libyaml-dev, libsqlite3-dev, sqlite3, autoconf, libgmp-dev, libgdbm-dev, libncurses5-dev, automake, libtool, bison, pkg-config, libffi-dev............................... Requirements installation successful.
我们已经完成了Ruby在Rails上的准备工作。
让我们继续安装Ruby和Rails。
安装Ruby.
现在，让我们找到使用命令的可用Ruby版本：
$rvm list known
示例输出：
# MRI Rubies [ruby-]1.8.6[-p420] [ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head [ruby-]1.9.1[-p431] [ruby-]1.9.2[-p330] [ruby-]1.9.3[-p551] [ruby-]2.0.0[-p648] [ruby-]2.1[.10] [ruby-]2.2[.7] [ruby-]2.3[.4] [ruby-]2.4[.1] ruby-head # for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2 # JRuby jruby-1.6[.8] jruby-1.7[.27] jruby[-9.1.13.0] jruby-head # Rubinius rbx-1[.4.3] rbx-2.3[.0] rbx-2.4[.1] rbx-2[.5.8] rbx-3[.84] rbx-head # Opal opal # Minimalistic ruby implementation - ISO 30170:2012 mruby-1.0.0 mruby-1.1.0 mruby-1.2.0 mruby-1[.3.0] mruby[-head] # Ruby Enterprise Edition ree-1.8.6 ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02] # Topaz topaz # MagLev maglev[-head] maglev-1.0.0 # Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer macruby-0.10 macruby-0.11 macruby[-0.12] macruby-nightly macruby-head # IronRuby ironruby[-1.1.3] ironruby-head
要安装任何Ruby版本，例如2.4.1，从终端运行以下命令：
$rvm install 2.4.1
示例输出：
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time. No binary rubies available for: ubuntu/18.04/x86_64/ruby-2.4.1. Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies. Checking requirements for ubuntu. Installing requirements for ubuntu. Updating system... Installing required packages: libreadline6-dev... Requirements installation successful. Installing Ruby from source to: /home/sk/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.1, this Jan take a while depending on your cpu(s)... ruby-2.4.1 - #downloading ruby-2.4.1, this Jan take a while depending on your connection... % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 11.9M 100 11.9M 0 0 74477 0 0:02:48 0:02:48 --:--:-- 88459 ruby-2.4.1 - #extracting ruby-2.4.1 to /home/sk/.rvm/src/ruby-2.4.1.... ruby-2.4.1 - #applying patch /home/sk/.rvm/patches/ruby/2.4.1/random_c_using_NR_prefix.patch. ruby-2.4.1 - #configuring.................................................................. ruby-2.4.1 - #post-configuration.. ruby-2.4.1 - #compiling....................................................................... ruby-2.4.1 - #installing........... ruby-2.4.1 - #making binaries executable.. ruby-2.4.1 - #downloading rubygems-2.6.14 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 751k 100 751k 0 0 46591 0 0:00:16 0:00:16 --:--:-- 44278 No checksum for downloaded archive, recording checksum in user configuration. ruby-2.4.1 - #extracting rubygems-2.6.14.... ruby-2.4.1 - #removing old rubygems......... ruby-2.4.1 - #installing rubygems-2.6.14........................... ruby-2.4.1 - #gemset created /home/sk/.rvm/gems/Hyman@theitroad ruby-2.4.1 - #importing gemset /home/sk/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems..............................| ruby-2.4.1 - #generating global wrappers........ ruby-2.4.1 - #gemset created /home/sk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.1 ruby-2.4.1 - #importing gemsetfile /home/sk/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list ruby-2.4.1 - #generating default wrappers........ ruby-2.4.1 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake). Install of ruby-2.4.1 - #complete Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri
最后，使用命令设置Ruby默认版本：
$rvm use 2.4.1 --default
要查找已安装的Ruby版本，请运行：
$ruby -v
示例输出：
ruby 2.4.1p111 (2016-03-22 revision 58053) [x86_64-linux]
接下来，我们需要安装Rails。
安装Rails
可以使用命令安装rails：
$gem install rails
上面的命令将安装最新的Rails版本。
我们还可以安装特定版本，例如4.2.6，如下面。
$gem install rails -v 4.2.6
要查看已安装的Rails版本，请运行：
$rails -v
示例输出：
Rails 5.2.0
