如何使用 gcc/cmake 在 64 位 linux 机器上编译 32 位二进制文件
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How to compile a 32-bit binary on a 64-bit linux machine with gcc/cmake
提问by dala
Is it possible to compile a project in 32-bitwith cmakeand gccon a 64-bitsystem? It probably is, but how do I do it?
是否有可能编译项目在32位与cmake和gcc一对64位系统？它可能是，但我该怎么做？
When I tried it the "ignorant" way, without setting any parameters/flags/etc, just setting LD_LIBRARY_PATHto find the linked libraries in ~/tools/libit seems to ignore it and only look in subdirectories named lib64.
当我以“无知”的方式尝试它时，没有设置任何参数/标志/等，只是设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH在其中查找链接库~/tools/lib似乎忽略了它，只查看名为lib64 的子目录。
采纳答案by caf
export CFLAGS=-m32
回答by Dirk Eddelbuettel
One way is to setup a chroot environment. Debian has a number of tools for that, for example debootstrap
一种方法是设置 chroot 环境。Debian 有许多工具，例如debootstrap
回答by andri
$ gcc test.c -o testc
$ file testc
testc: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, not stripped
$ ldd testc
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff227ff000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x000000391f000000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x000000391ec00000)
$ gcc -m32 test.c -o testc
$ file testc
testc: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, not stripped
$ ldd testc
linux-gate.so.1 => (0x009aa000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00780000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x0075b000)
In short: use the -m32flag to compile a 32-bit binary.
简而言之：使用-m32标志来编译 32 位二进制文件。
Also, make sure that you have the 32-bit versions of all required libraries installed (in my case all I needed on Fedora was glibc-devel.i386)
另外，请确保您安装了所有必需库的 32 位版本（在我的情况下，我在 Fedora 上只需要 glibc-devel.i386）
回答by Nathan Monteleone
In later versions of CMake, one way to do it on each target is:
在更高版本的 CMake 中，在每个目标上执行此操作的一种方法是：
set_target_properties(MyTarget PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m32" LINK_FLAGS "-m32")
set_target_properties(MyTarget PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m32" LINK_FLAGS "-m32")
I don't know of a way to do it globally.
我不知道有什么方法可以在全球范围内做到这一点。
回答by Sam Watkins
For any complex application, I suggest to use an lxc container. lxc containers are 'something in the middle between a chroot on steroids and a full fledged virtual machine'.
对于任何复杂的应用程序，我建议使用lxc 容器。lxc 容器是“介于类固醇的 chroot 和成熟的虚拟机之间的东西”。
For example, here's a way to build 32-bit wine using lxc on an Ubuntu Trusty system:
例如，这里有一种在 Ubuntu Trusty 系统上使用 lxc 构建 32 位 wine 的方法：
sudo apt-get install lxc lxc-templates
sudo lxc-create -t ubuntu -n my32bitbox -- --bindhome $LOGNAME -a i386 --release trusty
sudo lxc-start -n my32bitbox
# login as yourself
sudo sh -c "sed s/deb/deb-src/ /etc/apt/sources.list >> /etc/apt/sources.list"
sudo apt-get install devscripts
sudo apt-get build-dep wine1.7
apt-get source wine1.7
cd wine1.7-*
debuild -eDEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="parallel=8" -i -us -uc -b
shutdown -h now # to exit the container
Here is the wiki page about how to build 32-bit wine on a 64-bit host using lxc.
这是关于如何使用 lxc 在 64 位主机上构建 32 位 wine的 wiki 页面。
回答by euccas
For C++, you could do:
对于 C++，你可以这样做：
export CXXFLAGS=-m32
This works with cmake.
这适用于 cmake。
