设置 Windows PowerShell 环境变量

Question

提问by Vasil

I have found out that setting the PATH environment variable affects only the old command prompt. PowerShell seems to have different environment settings. How do I change the environment variables for PowerShell (v1)?

我发现设置 PATH 环境变量只会影响旧的命令提示符。PowerShell 似乎有不同的环境设置。如何更改 PowerShell (v1) 的环境变量？

Note:

笔记：

I want to make my changes permanent, so I don't have to set it every time I run PowerShell. Does PowerShell have a profile file? Something like Bash profile on Unix?

我想让我的更改永久化，所以我不必每次运行 PowerShell 时都设置它。PowerShell 有配置文件吗？类似于 Unix 上的 Bash 配置文件？

Answer 1

采纳答案by JaredPar

Changing the actual environment variables can be done by using the env: namespace / driveinformation. For example, this code will update the path environment variable:

可以通过使用这些env: namespace / drive信息来更改实际的环境变量。例如，此代码将更新路径环境变量：

$env:Path = "SomeRandomPath";             (replaces existing path) 
$env:Path += ";SomeRandomPath"            (appends to existing path)

There are ways to make environment settings permanent, but if you are only using them from PowerShell, it's probably a lot better to use your profile to initiate the settings. On startup, PowerShell will run any .ps1files it finds in the WindowsPowerShelldirectory under My Documents folder. Typically you have a profile.ps1file already there. The path on my computer is

有多种方法可以使环境设置永久化，但如果您仅从 PowerShell 使用它们，那么使用您的配置文件来启动设置可能会好得多。启动时，PowerShell 将运行它在“我的文档”文件夹下的目录中找到的任何.ps1文件WindowsPowerShell。通常，您已经有一个profile.ps1文件。我电脑上的路径是

C:\Users\JaredPar\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\profile.ps1

Answer 2

回答by mloskot

If, some time during a PowerShell session, you need to append to the PATH environment variable temporarily, you can do it this way:

如果在 PowerShell 会话期间的某个时间，您需要临时附加到 PATH 环境变量，您可以这样做：

$env:Path += ";C:\Program Files\GnuWin32\bin"

Answer 3

回答by hoge

You can also modify user/system environment variables permanently(i.e. will be persistent across shell restarts) with the following:

您还可以使用以下命令永久修改用户/系统环境变量（即在 shell 重启后将保持不变）：

Modify a system environment variable

修改系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("Path", $env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

Modify a user environment variable

修改用户环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("INCLUDE", $env:INCLUDE, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)

Usage from comments - add to the system environment variable

注释中的用法 - 添加到系统环境变量中

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
    "Path",
    [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) + ";C:\bin",
    [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

String based solution is also possible if you don't want to write types

如果您不想编写类型，也可以使用基于字符串的解决方案

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";C:\bin", "Machine")

Answer 4

回答by tjb

From the PowerShell prompt:

从 PowerShell 提示符：

setx PATH "$env:path;\the\directory\to\add" -m

You should then see the text:

然后你应该看到文本：

SUCCESS: Specified value was saved.

Restart your session, and the variable will be available. setxcan also be used to set arbitrary variables. Type setx /?at the prompt for documentation.

重新启动会话，变量将可用。setx也可用于设置任意变量。setx /?在文档提示下键入。

Before messing with your path in this way, make sure that you save a copy of your existing path by doing $env:path >> a.outin a PowerShell prompt.

在以这种方式弄乱您的路径之前，请确保通过$env:path >> a.out在 PowerShell 提示符中执行操作来保存现有路径的副本。

Answer 5

回答by Michael Kropat

Like JeanT's answer, I wanted an abstraction around adding to the path. Unlike JeanT's answer I needed it to run without user interaction. Other behavior I was looking for:

就像JeanT 的回答一样，我想要一个关于添加到路径的抽象。与 JeanT 的回答不同，我需要它在没有用户交互的情况下运行。我正在寻找的其他行为：

Updates $env:Pathso the change takes effect in the current session
Persists the environment variable change for future sessions
Doesn't add a duplicate path when the same path already exists

更新$env:Path以使更改在当前会话中生效
为将来的会话保留环境变量更改
当相同的路径已经存在时不添加重复的路径

In case it's useful, here it is:

如果它有用，这里是：

function Add-EnvPath {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string] $Path,

        [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
        [string] $Container = 'Session'
    )

    if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
        $containerMapping = @{
            Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
            User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
        }
        $containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]

        $persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
        if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
            $persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
            [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
        }
    }

    $envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
    if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
        $envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
        $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
    }
}

Check out my gistfor the corresponding Remove-EnvPathfunction.

查看我的要点以了解相应的Remove-EnvPath功能。

Answer 6

回答by gijswijs

Although the current accepted answer works in the sense that the path variable gets permanently updated from the context of PowerShell, it doesn't actually update the environment variable stored in the Windows registry.

尽管当前接受的答案在路径变量从 PowerShell 的上下文中永久更新的意义上起作用，但它实际上并没有更新存储在 Windows 注册表中的环境变量。

To achieve that, you can obviously use PowerShell as well:

为此，您显然也可以使用 PowerShell：

$oldPath=(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH).Path

$newPath=$oldPath+';C:\NewFolderToAddToTheList\'

Set-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH –Value $newPath

More information is in blog post Use PowerShell to Modify Your Environmental Path

更多信息在博客文章使用 PowerShell 修改您的环境路径中

If you use PowerShell community extensions, the proper command to add a path to the environment variable path is:

如果您使用 PowerShell 社区扩展，则向环境变量路径添加路径的正确命令是：

Add-PathVariable "C:\NewFolderToAddToTheList" -Target Machine

Answer 7

回答by Peter Hahndorf

All the answers suggesting a permanent change have the same problem: They break the path registry value.

所有建议永久更改的答案都有相同的问题：它们破坏了路径注册表值。

SetEnvironmentVariableturns the REG_EXPAND_SZvalue %SystemRoot%\system32into a REG_SZvalue of C:\Windows\system32.

SetEnvironmentVariable将REG_EXPAND_SZ值%SystemRoot%\system32转换为的REG_SZ值C:\Windows\system32。

Any other variables in the path are lost as well. Adding new ones using %myNewPath%won't work any more.

路径中的任何其他变量也会丢失。添加新的使用%myNewPath%将不再起作用。

Here's a script Set-PathVariable.ps1that I use to address this problem:

这Set-PathVariable.ps1是我用来解决此问题的脚本：

 [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$true)]
 param(
     [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
     [string]$NewLocation)

 Begin
 {

 #requires –runasadministrator

     $regPath = "SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment"
     $hklm = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine

     Function GetOldPath()
     {
         $regKey = $hklm.OpenSubKey($regPath, $FALSE)
         $envpath = $regKey.GetValue("Path", "", [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames)
         return $envPath
     }
 }

 Process
 {
     # Win32API error codes
     $ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
     $ERROR_DUP_NAME = 34
     $ERROR_INVALID_DATA = 13

     $NewLocation = $NewLocation.Trim();

     If ($NewLocation -eq "" -or $NewLocation -eq $null)
     {
         Exit $ERROR_INVALID_DATA
     }

     [string]$oldPath = GetOldPath
     Write-Verbose "Old Path: $oldPath"

     # Check whether the new location is already in the path
     $parts = $oldPath.split(";")
     If ($parts -contains $NewLocation)
     {
         Write-Warning "The new location is already in the path"
         Exit $ERROR_DUP_NAME
     }

     # Build the new path, make sure we don't have double semicolons
     $newPath = $oldPath + ";" + $NewLocation
     $newPath = $newPath -replace ";;",""

     if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("%Path%", "Add $NewLocation")){

         # Add to the current session
         $env:path += ";$NewLocation"

         # Save into registry
         $regKey = $hklm.OpenSubKey($regPath, $True)
         $regKey.SetValue("Path", $newPath, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString)
         Write-Output "The operation completed successfully."
     }

     Exit $ERROR_SUCCESS
 }

I explain the problem in more detail in a blog post.

我在博客文章中更详细地解释了这个问题。

Answer 8

回答by JeanT

This sets the path for the current session and prompts the user to add it permanently:

这将设置当前会话的路径并提示用户永久添加它：

function Set-Path {
    param([string]$x)
    $Env:Path+= ";" +  $x
    Write-Output $Env:Path
    $write = Read-Host 'Set PATH permanently ? (yes|no)'
    if ($write -eq "yes")
    {
        [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
        Write-Output 'PATH updated'
    }
}

You can add this function to your default profile, (Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1), usually located at %USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell.

您可以将此功能添加到您的默认配置文件 ( Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1)，通常位于%USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell。

Answer 9

回答by SBF

Building on @Michael Kropat'sanswer I added a parameter to prepend the new path to the existing PATHvariable and a check to avoid the addition of a non-existing path:

以@Michael Kropat 的回答为基础，我添加了一个参数来为现有PATH变量添加新路径，并进行检查以避免添加不存在的路径：

function Add-EnvPath {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string] $Path,

        [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
        [string] $Container = 'Session',

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [Switch] $Prepend
    )

    if (Test-Path -path "$Path") {
        if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
            $containerMapping = @{
                Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
                User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
            }
            $containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]

            $persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
            if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
                if ($Prepend) {
                    $persistedPaths = ,$Path + $persistedPaths | where { $_ }
                    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
                }
                else {
                    $persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
                    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
                }
            }
        }

        $envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
        if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
            if ($Prepend) {
                $envPaths = ,$Path + $envPaths | where { $_ }
                $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
            }
            else {
                $envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
                $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 10

回答by Jonathan

Most answers aren't addressing UAC. This covers UAC issues.

大多数答案都没有针对UAC。这涵盖了 UAC 问题。

First install PowerShell Community Extensions: choco install pscxvia http://chocolatey.org/(you may have to restart your shell environment).

首先安装 PowerShell 社区扩展：choco install pscx通过http://chocolatey.org/（您可能需要重新启动 shell 环境）。

Then enable pscx

然后启用pscx

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser #allows scripts to run from the interwebs, such as pcsx

Then use Invoke-Elevated

然后使用 Invoke-Elevated

Invoke-Elevated {Add-PathVariable $args[0] -Target Machine} -ArgumentList $MY_NEW_DIR

设置 Windows PowerShell 环境变量

提问by Vasil

采纳答案by JaredPar

回答by mloskot

回答by hoge

回答by tjb

回答by Michael Kropat

回答by gijswijs

回答by Peter Hahndorf

回答by JeanT

回答by SBF

回答by Jonathan

相关推荐

最近更新

标签

设置 Windows PowerShell 环境变量

提问by Vasil

采纳答案by JaredPar

回答by mloskot

回答by hoge

回答by tjb

回答by Michael Kropat

回答by gijswijs

回答by Peter Hahndorf

回答by JeanT

回答by SBF

回答by Jonathan

相关推荐

如何在 Windows 命令行上测量命令的执行时间？

如何使用具有现有数据的 PostgreSQL 容器？

windows 批处理文件输入验证 - 确保用户输入一个整数

如何在 CMake (Windows) 中检索用户环境变量

相关推荐

最近更新

标签