python中的random.sample()方法有什么作用？
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What does random.sample() method in python do?
提问by kartikeykant18
I Googled it a lot but could not found it. I want to know the use of random.sample()method and what does it give? When should it be used and some example usage.
我谷歌了很多，但找不到它。我想知道random.sample()方法的用途以及它提供了什么？什么时候应该使用它以及一些示例用法。
采纳答案by alecxe
According to documentation:
根据文档：
random.sample(population, k)
Return a k length list of unique elements chosen from the population sequence. Used for random sampling without replacement.
random.sample（人口，k）
返回从种群序列中选择的唯一元素的 ak 长度列表。用于不放回的随机抽样。
Basically, it picks k unique random elements, a sample, from a sequence:
基本上，它从序列中挑选 k 个唯一的随机元素，一个样本：
>>> import random
>>> c = list(range(0, 15))
>>> c
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
>>> random.sample(c, 5)
[9, 2, 3, 14, 11]
random.sampleworks also directly from a range:
random.sample也可以直接从一个范围内工作：
>>> c = range(0, 15)
>>> c
range(0, 15)
>>> random.sample(c, 5)
[12, 3, 6, 14, 10]
In addition to sequences, random.sampleworks with sets too:
除了序列，也random.sample适用于集合：
>>> c = {1, 2, 4}
>>> random.sample(c, 2)
[4, 1]
However, random.sampledoesn't work with arbitrary iterators:
但是，random.sample不适用于任意迭代器：
>>> c = [1, 3]
>>> random.sample(iter(c), 5)
TypeError: Population must be a sequence or set. For dicts, use list(d).
回答by asd0999
random.sample()also works on text
random.sample()也适用于文本
example:
例子：
> text = open("textfile.txt").read()
> random.sample(text, 5)
> ['f', 's', 'y', 'v', '\n']
\nis also seen as a character so that can also be returned
\n也被视为一个字符，因此也可以返回
you could use random.sample()to return random words from a text file if you first use the split method
random.sample()如果您首先使用 split 方法，您可以使用从文本文件中返回随机单词
example:
例子：
> words = text.split()
> random.sample(words, 5)
> ['the', 'and', 'a', 'her', 'of']
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