windows 如何解读Windows任务管理器？
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How to interpret Windows Task Manager?
提问by Tam N.
I run Windows 7 RC1, which uses the same WTM from Vista. When i look at the processes, there some columns I'm not sure what the differences are:
我运行 Windows 7 RC1，它使用与 Vista 相同的 WTM。当我查看流程时，有一些列我不确定有什么区别：
- Memory - working set
- Memory - private working set
- Memory - commit size
- 内存 - 工作集
- 内存 - 私有工作集
- 内存 - 提交大小
can anyone tell me what they are?
谁能告诉我它们是什么？
回答by Gordon Thompson
From the following article, under the section Types of Memory Usage:
从以下文章中，在内存使用类型部分下：
There are two main types of memory usage: working set and private working set. The private working set is the amount of memory used by a process that cannot be shared among other processes, while working set includes the memory shared by other processes.
That may sound confusing, so let's try to simplify it a bit. Lets pretend that there are two kids who are coloring, and both of the kids have 5 of their own crayons. They decide to share some of their crayons so that they have more colors to choose from. When each child is asked how many crayons they used, both of them said they used 7 crayons, because they each shared 2 of their crayons.
The point of that metaphor is that one might assume that there were a total of 14 crayons if they didn't know that the two kids were sharing, but in reality there were only 10 crayons available. Here is the rundown:
- Working Set: This includes all of the shared crayons, so the total would be 14.
- Private Working Set: This includes only the crayons that each child owns, and doesn't reflect how many were actually used in each picture. The total is therefore 10.
This is a really good comparison to how memory is measured. Many applications reuse code that you already have on your system, because in the end it helps reduce the overall memory consumption. If you are viewing the working set memory usage you might get confused because all of your running processes might actually add up to more than the amount of RAM you have installed, which is the same problem we had with the crayon metaphor above. Naturally the working set will always be larger than the private working set.
内存使用主要有两种类型：工作集和私有工作集。私有工作集是一个进程使用的不能被其他进程共享的内存量，而工作集包括其他进程共享的内存。
这听起来可能令人困惑，所以让我们尝试简化一下。让我们假设有两个孩子正在着色，并且两个孩子都有 5 支自己的蜡笔。他们决定分享他们的一些蜡笔，以便他们有更多的颜色可供选择。当每个孩子被问到他们用了多少蜡笔时，他们都说他们用了 7 支蜡笔，因为他们每个人共用 2 支蜡笔。
这个比喻的要点是，如果他们不知道两个孩子正在分享，他们可能会假设总共有 14 支蜡笔，但实际上只有 10 支蜡笔可用。这是纲要：
- 工作集：这包括所有共享的蜡笔，因此总数为 14。
- 私人工作集：这仅包括每个孩子拥有的蜡笔，并不反映每张照片中实际使用的蜡笔数量。因此总数为 10。
这是与如何测量内存的非常好的比较。许多应用程序重用您系统上已有的代码，因为最终它有助于减少整体内存消耗。如果您正在查看工作集内存使用情况，您可能会感到困惑，因为您所有正在运行的进程实际上加起来可能超过您安装的 RAM 量，这与我们在上面的蜡笔比喻中遇到的问题相同。自然地，工作集将始终大于私有工作集。
回答by Kirill Strizhak
工作集：
Working set is the subset of virtual pages that are resident in physical memory only; this will be a partial amount of pages from that process.
工作集是仅驻留在物理内存中的虚拟页面的子集；这将是该过程中的部分页面。
The private working set is the amount of memory used by a process that cannot be shared among other processes
私有工作集是一个进程使用的不能在其他进程之间共享的内存量
提交大小：
Amount of virtual memorythat is reserved for use by a process.
保留供进程使用的虚拟内存量。
And at microsoft.comyou can find more details about other memory types.
在microsoft.com 上，您可以找到有关其他内存类型的更多详细信息。
回答by Jason Evans
'Working Set' is the amount of memory that the process currently has in physical RAM. In other words, accessing any pages in the 'Working Set' will not cause a page fault since the page is in RAM.
“工作集”是进程当前在物理 RAM 中的内存量。换句话说，访问“工作集”中的任何页面都不会导致页面错误，因为该页面位于 RAM 中。
As for the other two, I'm not 100% sure, probably 'Working Set' contains sharable memory, such as memory mapped files, and 'Private Working Set' contains only pages that the process can use and are not shareable.
至于其他两个，我不是 100% 确定，可能“工作集”包含可共享内存，例如内存映射文件，而“私有工作集”仅包含进程可以使用且不可共享的页面。
Have look at this siteand search for the speaker 'Dave Solomon'. There is an excellent webcast that he gave which explains about Windows memory, and he mentions working set, commit sizes, and other memory terms.
查看此站点并搜索演讲者“Dave Solomon”。他提供了一个很好的网络广播，解释了 Windows 内存，他提到了工作集、提交大小和其他内存术语。
EDIT:
编辑：
Those site links are indeed dead :(
那些网站链接确实已经死了:(
Instead, you can search Google for
相反，您可以在 Google 上搜索
vimeo david solomon windows
vimeo 大卫所罗门 窗户
Those same videos look to be available on Vimeo now, which is cool.
这些相同的视频现在看起来可以在 Vimeo 上使用，这很酷。
回答by D?enan
This articleat Microsoft seems to be the most detailed.
Microsoft 的这篇文章似乎是最详细的。
Edit Oct 2018:new link
2018 年 10 月编辑：新链接
回答by Foo
If you open the Resource Monitor from the WTM, mousing over the various column headings of the interesting process displays a pretty informative tool tip.
如果您从 WTM 打开 Resource Monitor，将鼠标悬停在有趣过程的各个列标题上会显示一个非常有用的工具提示。
e.g. Commit(KB): Amount of virtual memory reserved by the operating system for the process in KB.
例如 Commit(KB)：操作系统为进程保留的虚拟内存量，以 KB 为单位。
etc.
等等。
