Python Matplotlib 颜色条背景和标签放置
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Matplotlib colorbar background and label placement
提问by oli
Up until recently I have been using Mathematica for my plots. Although it was a real pain and everything had to be done manually, the results where very close to what I wanted. One example is the following:
直到最近，我一直在使用 Mathematica 进行绘图。虽然这真的很痛苦，而且一切都必须手动完成，但结果非常接近我想要的。一个例子如下：
I really like the grey rounded rectangle in the background of the colorbar. While everything had to be adjusted manually in Mathematica, matplotlib is a lot more automatic and already produced nice results.
我真的很喜欢颜色条背景中的灰色圆角矩形。虽然一切都必须在 Mathematica 中手动调整，但 matplotlib 更加自动化并且已经产生了不错的结果。
But there are still two problems I have:
但是我还有两个问题：
- I don't know how to do a rounded rectangle in the background. I looked at the fancybbox patch but didn't get it to work with the colorbar as I want it to. What is the best way to get something like the Mathematica box? For the legend in plots there seems to be a fancy bbox option... but not for colorbars
- When I use the "lesser sign" (<) the label of colorbar moves too far to the right. How can I adjust this (maybe even "in-between" the numbers as in the Mathematica plot)?
- 我不知道如何在背景中做一个圆角矩形。我查看了fancybbox 补丁，但没有像我想要的那样使用颜色条。获得像 Mathematica 盒子这样的东西的最佳方法是什么？对于图中的图例，似乎有一个花哨的 bbox 选项......但不适用于颜色条
- 当我使用“小号”（<）时，颜色条的标签向右移动太远。我该如何调整（甚至可能是 Mathematica 图中的“中间”数字）？
I am looking forward to any suggestions pointing in the right direction :).
我期待着任何指向正确方向的建议:)。
采纳答案by mwil.me
To your second question: you can use a negative labelpadvalue to move the label back towards the ticklabels, like this:
对于您的第二个问题：您可以使用负值labelpad将标签移回刻度标签，如下所示：
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = np.linspace(0, 10, num=256).reshape(16,16)
cf = plt.contourf(data, levels=(0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10))
cb = plt.colorbar(cf)
cb.set_ticklabels([r'$<10^{0}$', 1, 2, r'^{14}$', r'^{14}+12345678$'])
cb.set_label(r'$n_e$ in $m^{-3}$', labelpad=-40, y=0.45)
plt.show()
Using the parameter y, you can additionally move the label up or down for better symmetry.
使用参数y，您还可以上下移动标签以获得更好的对称性。
The argument of labelpadis given in points (1/72 inch). yaccepts values in [0, 1], 0.0is the lower border and 1.0the upper.
的参数labelpad以点（1/72 英寸）为单位给出。y接受 中的值[0, 1]，0.0是下边框和1.0上边框。
The result:
结果：
