更改 Windows 中 node.js 模块的默认全局安装目录？

Change default global installation directory for node.js modules in Windows?

提问by gremo

In my windows installation PATHincludes C:\Program Files\nodejs, where executable node.exeis. I'm able to launch nodefrom the shell, as well as npm. I'd like new executables to be installed in C:\Program Files\nodejsas well, but it seems impossible to achieve.

在我的 Windows 安装中PATH包括C:\Program Files\nodejs，可执行文件所在的node.exe位置。我可以node从 shell启动，也可以从npm. 我也希望安装新的可执行文件C:\Program Files\nodejs，但似乎无法实现。

Setting NODE_PATHand NODE_MODULESvariables doesn't change anything: things are still installed in %appdata%\npmby default.

设置NODE_PATH和NODE_MODULES变量不会改变任何东西：%appdata%\npm默认情况下仍然安装了东西。

How can I change the global installation path?

如何更改全局安装路径？

采纳答案by ivoszz

Everything you need is to read npm-foldersdocumentation. I don't want to start my Win notebook now so I cannot verify it, but you should only change prefixto c:\Program Files\nodejsin your config file. If you want to change it globally for all users, edit c:\Program Files\nodejs\npmrcfile, otherwise create/edit c:\Users\{username}\.npmrc.

您需要做的就是阅读npm-folders文档。我现在不想启动我的 Win 笔记本，所以我无法验证它，但你应该只在你的配置文件中更改prefix为c:\Program Files\nodejs。如果要为所有用户全局更改它，请编辑c:\Program Files\nodejs\npmrc文件，否则 create/edit c:\Users\{username}\.npmrc。

But this change will have probably some side efects so read this discussionbefore. I think your idea is not a good one.

但是这种变化可能会产生一些副作用，所以请先阅读此讨论。我认为你的想法不是一个好主意。

回答by Jake Berger

trying to install globalpackages into C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs\gave me Run as Administratorissues, because npm was trying to install into
C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs\node_modules\

尝试将全局包安装到C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs\我以管理员身份运行的问题中，因为 npm 试图安装到
C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs\node_modules\

to resolve this, change globalinstall directory to C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Roaming\npm:

要解决此问题，请将全局安装目录更改为C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Roaming\npm：

in C:\Users\{username}\, create .npmrcfile with contents:

在C:\Users\{username}\，创建.npmrc包含内容的文件：

prefix = "C:\\Users\\{username}\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm"

prefix = "C:\\Users\\{username}\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm"

reference

参考

• npm install -g packageinstalls globalpackages into prefixlocation
• npmrc userconfig takes priority and overrides
• npm config ls -lwas showing prefix = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\nodejs"

• npm install -g package将全局包安装到前缀位置
• npmrc userconfig 优先并覆盖
• npm config ls -l正在显示 prefix = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\nodejs"

environment
nodejs x86 installer into C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs\on Windows 7 Ultimate N 64-bit SP1
node --version: v0.10.28
npm --version: 1.4.10

Windows 7 Ultimate N 64 位 SP1 上的环境
nodejs x86 安装程序：v0.10.28 ：1.4.10C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs\
node --version
npm --version

回答by Tracker1

You can see my answer to this in my answer to another question.

您可以在我对另一个问题的回答中看到我对此的回答。

---

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In Windows, the globalinstall path is actually in your user's profile directory

在 Windows 中，全局安装路径实际上在您用户的配置文件目录中

• %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\npm
• %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache
• WARNING: If you're doing timed events or other automation as a different user, make sure you run npm installas that user. Some modules/utilities should be installed globally.
• INSTALLER BUGS: You may have to create these directories or add the ...\npmdirectory to your users path yourself.

• %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\npm
• %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache
• 警告：如果您以其他用户身份执行定时事件或其他自动化，请确保npm install以该用户身份运行。一些模块/实用程序应该全局安装。
• 安装程序错误：您可能需要自己创建这些目录或将...\npm目录添加到您的用户路径中。

---

---

To change the "global" location for all users to a more appropriate shared global location %ALLUSERSPROFILE%\(npm|npm-cache)(do this as an administrator):

要将所有用户的“全局”位置更改为更合适的共享全局位置%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\(npm|npm-cache)（以管理员身份执行此操作）：

• create an [NODE_INSTALL_PATH]\etc\directory
  • this is needed before you try npm config --global ...actions
• create the global (admin) location(s) for npm modules
  • C:\ProgramData\npm-cache- npm modules will go here
  • C:\ProgramData\npm- binary scripts for globally installed modules will go here
  • C:\ProgramData\npm\node_modules- globally installed modules will go here
  • set the permissions appropriately
    • administrators: modify
    • authenticated users: read/execute
• Set global configuration settings (Administrator Command Prompt)
  • npm config --global set prefix "C:\ProgramData\npm"
  • npm config --global set cache "C:\ProgramData\npm-cache"
• Add C:\ProgramData\npmto your System's Path environment variable

• 创建[NODE_INSTALL_PATH]\etc\目录
  • 在您尝试npm config --global ...操作之前，这是必需的
• 为 npm 模块创建全局（管理）位置
  • C:\ProgramData\npm-cache- npm 模块将放在此处
  • C:\ProgramData\npm- 全局安装模块的二进制脚本将放在此处
  • C:\ProgramData\npm\node_modules- 全局安装的模块将放在这里
  • 适当设置权限
    • 管理员：修改
    • 经过身份验证的用户：读取/执行
• 设置全局配置设置（管理员命令提示符）
  • npm config --global set prefix "C:\ProgramData\npm"
  • npm config --global set cache "C:\ProgramData\npm-cache"
• 添加C:\ProgramData\npm到系统的 Path 环境变量

---

---

If you want to change your user's "global" location to %LOCALAPPDATA%\(npm|npm-cache)path instead:

如果要将用户的“全局”位置更改为%LOCALAPPDATA%\(npm|npm-cache)路径：

• Create the necessary directories
  • C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm-cache- npm modules will go here
  • C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm- binary scripts for installed modules will go here
  • C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm\node_modules- globally installed modules will go here
• Configure npm
  • npm config set prefix "C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm"
  • npm config set cache "C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm-cache"
• Add the new npm path to your environment's PATH.
  • setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm"

• 创建必要的目录
  • C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm-cache- npm 模块将放在此处
  • C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm- 已安装模块的二进制脚本将放在此处
  • C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm\node_modules- 全局安装的模块将放在这里
• 配置 npm
  • npm config set prefix "C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm"
  • npm config set cache "C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm-cache"
• 将新的 npm 路径添加到您环境的PATH.
  • setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Users\YOURNAME\AppData\Local\npm"

回答by Damilola

Building on the installation concept of chocolateyand the idea suggested by @Tracker, what worked for me was to do the following and all users on windows were then happy working with nodejsand npm.

基于chocolatey@Tracker的安装概念和建议，对我有用的是执行以下操作，然后 Windows 上的所有用户都乐于使用nodejs和npm。

Choose C:\ProgramData\nodejsas installation directory for nodejsand install nodejswith any user that is a member of the administrator group.

选择C:\ProgramData\nodejs作为管理员组成员的任何用户作为安装目录nodejs并安装nodejs。

This can be done with chocolatey as: choco install nodejs.install -ia "'INSTALLDIR=C:\ProgramData\nodejs'"

这可以用巧克力来完成： choco install nodejs.install -ia "'INSTALLDIR=C:\ProgramData\nodejs'"

Then create a folder called npm-cacheat the root of the installation directory, which after following above would be C:\ProgramData\nodejs\npm-cache.

然后npm-cache在安装目录的根目录下创建一个名为C:\ProgramData\nodejs\npm-cache.

Create a folder called etcat the root of the installation directory, which after following above would be C:\ProgramData\nodejs\etc.

etc在安装目录的根目录下创建一个名为C:\ProgramData\nodejs\etc.

Set NODEenvironment variable as C:\ProgramData\nodejs.

将NODE环境变量设置为C:\ProgramData\nodejs.

Set NODE_PATHenvironment variable as C:\ProgramData\nodejs\node_modules.

将NODE_PATH环境变量设置为 C:\ProgramData\nodejs\node_modules.

Ensure %NODE%environment variable previously created above is added (or its path) is added to %PATH%environment variable.

确保%NODE%将上面创建的环境变量（或其路径）添加到%PATH%环境变量中。

Edit %NODE_PATH%\npm\npmrcwith the following content prefix=C:\ProgramData\nodejs

%NODE_PATH%\npm\npmrc使用以下内容进行编辑prefix=C:\ProgramData\nodejs

From command prompt, set the global config like so...

在命令提示符下，像这样设置全局配置...

npm config --global set prefix "C:\ProgramData\nodejs"

npm config --global set prefix "C:\ProgramData\nodejs"

npm config --global set cache "C:\ProgramData\nodejs\npm-cache"

npm config --global set cache "C:\ProgramData\nodejs\npm-cache"

It is important the steps above are carried out preferably in sequence and before updating npm (npm -g install npm@latest) or attempting to install any npmmodule.

在更新 npm ( npm -g install npm@latest) 或尝试安装任何npm模块之前，最好按顺序执行上述步骤，这一点很重要。

Performing the above steps helped us running nodejsas system wide installation, easily available to all users with proper permissions. Each user can then run nodeand npmas required.

执行上述步骤帮助我们nodejs在系统范围内运行，所有具有适当权限的用户都可以轻松使用。然后，每个用户都可以运行node，并npm根据需要。

回答by davejoem

You should use this command to set the global installation flocation of npm packages

你应该使用这个命令来设置 npm 包的全局安装位置

(git bash)npm config --global set prefix </path/you/want/to/use>/npm

(git bash)npm config --global set prefix </path/you/want/to/use>/npm

(cmd/git-cmd)npm config --global set prefix <drive:\path\you\want\to\use>\npm

(cmd/git-cmd)npm config --global set prefix <drive:\path\you\want\to\use>\npm

You may also consider the npm-cachelocation right next to it. (as would be in a normal nodejs installation on windows)

您也可以考虑npm-cache它旁边的位置。（就像在 Windows 上的普通 nodejs 安装中一样）

(git bash)npm config --global set cache </path/you/want/to/use>/npm-cache

(git bash)npm config --global set cache </path/you/want/to/use>/npm-cache

(cmd/git-cmd)npm config --global set cache <drive:\path\you\want\to\use>\npm-cache

(cmd/git-cmd)npm config --global set cache <drive:\path\you\want\to\use>\npm-cache

回答by Kandeepa

• Step 1:

  npm config get prefix

  • Default Path is : %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\npm

• Step 2:

  npm config get cache

  • Default Path is : %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache

• Step 3:

  npm config set prefix \npm

  • example npm config set prefix C:\\dev\\node\\npm

• Step 4:

  npm config set cache \npm-cache

  • example npm config set cache C:\\dev\\node\\npm-cache

• 第 1 步：

  npm config 获取前缀

  • 默认路径是： %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\npm

• 第 2 步：

  npm 配置获取缓存

  • 默认路径是： %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache

• 第 3 步：

  npm 配置设置前缀 \npm

  • 例子 npm config set prefix C:\\dev\\node\\npm

• 第 4 步：

  npm 配置集缓存 \npm-cache

  • 例子 npm config set cache C:\\dev\\node\\npm-cache

Run steps 1 & 2 again to check whether the paths are updated as required

再次运行步骤 1 和 2 以检查路径是否按要求更新

That's it. Whenever you install global packages you should see them installed inside \npm\node_modules

就是这样。每当你安装全局包时，你应该看到它们安装在 \npm\node_modules 中

回答by angeldsWang

The default global folder is C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Roaming\npm. You can create (if it doesn't exist) a .npmrcfile in C:\Users\{username}\and add prefix = "path\\to\\yourglobalfolder". Note that, in windows, the path should be separated by double back-slash.

默认的全局文件夹是C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Roaming\npm. 您可以在其中创建（如果它不存在）一个.npmrc文件C:\Users\{username}\并添加 prefix = "path\\to\\yourglobalfolder". 请注意，在 Windows 中，路径应以double back-slash.

回答by dynamiclynk

Using a Windows symbolic link from the C:\Users{username}\AppData\Roaming\npmand C:\Users{username}\AppData\Roaming\npm-cachepaths to the destination worked great for me.

使用从C:\Users{username}\AppData\Roaming\npm和C:\Users{username}\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache路径到目的地的 Windows 符号链接对我来说非常有用。

How to add a symbolic link

如何添加符号链接

回答by Vinh Trieu

In Windows, if you want to move the npm or nodejs folder in disk C to another location, but it still makes sure node and npm works well, you can create symlink like this: Open Command Prompt:

在 Windows 中，如果你想将 C 盘中的 npm 或 nodejs 文件夹移动到另一个位置，但它仍然确保 node 和 npm 运行良好，你可以像这样创建符号链接：打开命令提示符：

mklink /D "your_location_want_to_create_symlink" "location_of_node_npm_file"

Example:

例子：

mklink /D "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Roaming\npm" "D:\Nodejs Data\npm"

Now you've created a symlink for npm folder, this symlink will refer to D:\Nodejs Data\npmEverything will work well.

现在你已经为 npm 文件夹创建了一个符号链接，这个符号链接将引用D:\Nodejs Data\npm一切都会运行良好。

回答by Manoj

I tried most of the answers here nothing seems to work in my case. So i changed the Temp location in my env variables to C:\npm. Then it started to work. This is not a good idea but a temporary solution.

我在这里尝试了大部分答案，在我的情况下似乎没有任何效果。因此，我将 env 变量中的 Temp 位置更改为 C:\npm。然后它开始工作。这不是一个好主意，而是一个临时解决方案。