如何在CentOS 7 CPanel Server上安装MariaDB 10
时间：2020-03-05 15:28:00 来源:igfitidea点击:
MariaDB是一个增强的开源和替代MySQL的替代品。
它由Mariadb界开发，并根据GPL V2许可的条款提供。
软件安全是MariaDB开发人员的主要关注点。
他们为每个Mariadb发布维护自己的一组安全补丁。
当发现任何关键安全问题时，开发人员介绍了新版本的MariaDB，以尽快获得解决方案。
MariaDB始终是最新的MySQL版本。
它是高度兼容的，与MySQL完全相同。
几乎所有命令，数据，表定义文件，客户端API，协议，接口，结构，文件名，二进制文件，端口，数据库存储位置等与MySQL相同。
甚至不需要将数据库转换为切换到MariaDB。
在本文中，我提供了有关如何将MySQL 5.5升级到CentOS 7 CPanel服务器上最新MariaDB的教程。
准备工作：
1.停止当前MySQL服务
root@server1 [/var/# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5859 Server version: 5.5.47-cll MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names Jan be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. root@server1 [~]# systemctl stop mysql root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2015-01-31 10:00:02 UTC; 1min 31s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC) Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: mysql.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=203/EXEC Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Unit mysql.service entered failed state. Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: mysql.service failed.
2.在升级之前移动所有配置文件和数据库
移动DB存储路径和MySQL配置文件
root@server1 [~]# cp -Rf /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql-old root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] default-storage-engine=MyISAM innodb_file_per_table=1 max_allowed_packet=268435456 open_files_limit=10000 root@server1 [~]#mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf-old
3.从服务器删除并卸载所有MySQL RPM
运行以下命令以禁用MySQL RPM目标。
通过运行此命令，CPanel将不再处理MySQL更新，并将这些RPM.Versions标记为系统上卸载。
/scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL50 uninstalled /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL51 uninstalled /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL55 uninstalled /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL56 uninstalled
现在运行此命令：
###/scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix --targets = mysql50，mysql51，mysql55，mysql55，mysql56，以删除服务器上的所有现有mysql rpms，并为Mariadb安装留下干净的环境。请参阅其下面的输出：
root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# /scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix --targets=MySQL50,MySQL51,MySQL55,MySQL56 [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Problems were detected with cPanel-provided files which are RPM controlled. [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] If you did not make these changes intentionally, you can correct them by running: [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] > /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] The following RPMs are unneeded on your system and should be uninstalled: [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-client-5.5.47-1.cp1148 [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-devel-5.5.47-1.cp1148 [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-server-5.5.47-1.cp1148 [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-shared-5.5.47-1.cp1148 [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-test-5.5.47-1.cp1148 [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] compat-MySQL50-shared-5.0.96-4.cp1136 [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] compat-MySQL51-shared-5.1.73-1.cp1150 [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Removing 0 broken rpms: [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] rpm: no packages given for erase [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] No new RPMS needed for install [2015-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Disabling service monitoring. [2015-01-31 09:54:01 +0000] Uninstalling unneeded rpms: MySQL55-test MySQL55-server MySQL55-client compat-MySQL51-shared compat-MySQL50-shared MySQL55-shared MySQL55-devel [2015-01-31 09:54:04 +0000] Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service. [2015-01-31 09:54:04 +0000] Restoring service monitoring.
通过这些步骤，我们已经卸载了现有的MySQL RPM，标记的目标是防止进一步的MySQL更新，并使服务器已准备好并清除Mariadb安装。要使用安装启动，我们需要为MariaDB创建一个YUM存储库，具体取决于MariaDB ¢OS版本。这就是我的方式！安装程序：
步骤1：创建yum存储库。
root@server1 [~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64/ gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 root@server1 [/etc/yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64/ gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
步骤2：打开/etc/yum.conf并修改以下排除行：
Remove this line exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* mysql* nsd* php* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin* squirrelmail* And replace with this line exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* nsd* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin* squirrelmail* **IMPORTANT *** We need to make sure, we've removed the MySQL and PHP from the exclude list.
步骤3：运行以下命令以安装MariaDB和相关包。
yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-devel php-mysql root@server1 [~]#yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-devel php-mysql Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================================================== Installing: MariaDB-client x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 10 M MariaDB-devel x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 6.3 M MariaDB-server x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 55 M php-mysql x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 99 k Installing for dependencies: MariaDB-common x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 43 k MariaDB-shared x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 1.2 M libzip x86_64 0.10.1-8.el7 base 48 k php-common x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 563 k php-pdo x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 97 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================================================== Install 4 Packages (+5 Dependent package)
第4步：重新启动并确保MySQL服务已启动。
root@server1 [~]# systemctl start mysql root@server1 [~]# root@server1 [~]# root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql) Active: active (exited) since Sun 2015-01-31 10:01:46 UTC; 3s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 23717 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC) Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL... Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com mysql[23717]: Starting MySQL SUCCESS! Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
步骤5：运行mysql_upgrade命令
它将在所有数据库中检查所有数据库中的所有表，以便使用当前安装的版本，并在必要时升级系统表，以利用可能已添加到当前版本的新特权或者功能。
root@server1 [~]# mysql_upgrade MySQL upgrade detected Phase 1/6: Checking and upgrading mysql database Processing databases mysql mysql.columns_priv OK mysql.db OK mysql.event OK mysql.func OK mysql.help_category OK mysql.help_keyword OK mysql.help_relation OK mysql.help_topic OK mysql.host OK mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK mysql.plugin OK mysql.proc OK mysql.procs_priv OK mysql.proxies_priv OK mysql.servers OK mysql.tables_priv OK mysql.time_zone OK mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK mysql.time_zone_name OK mysql.time_zone_transition OK mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK mysql.user OK Phase 2/6: Fixing views from mysql Phase 3/6: Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables' Phase 4/6: Fixing table and database names Phase 5/6: Checking and upgrading tables Processing databases cphulkd cphulkd.auths OK cphulkd.blacklist OK cphulkd.brutes OK cphulkd.good_logins OK cphulkd.ip_lists OK cphulkd.known_netblocks OK cphulkd.login_track OK cphulkd.logins OK cphulkd.report OK cphulkd.whitelist OK eximstats eximstats.defers OK eximstats.failures OK eximstats.sends OK eximstats.smtp OK information_schema leechprotect leechprotect.hits OK modsec modsec.hits OK performance_schema roundcube roundcube.cache OK roundcube.cache_index OK roundcube.cache_messages OK roundcube.cache_shared OK roundcube.cache_thread OK roundcube.contactgroupmembers OK roundcube.contactgroups OK roundcube.contacts OK roundcube.cp_schema_version OK roundcube.dictionary OK roundcube.identities OK roundcube.searches OK roundcube.session OK roundcube.system OK roundcube.users OK saheetha_test saheetha_test.authors OK whmxfer whmxfer.sessions OK Phase 6/6: Running 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES' OK
第6步：再次重新启动MySQL服务，以确保一切顺利。
root@server1 [~]# systemctl restart mysql root@server1 [~]# root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql) Active: active (running) since Sun 2015-01-31 10:04:11 UTC; 9s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 23831 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 23854 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC) CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service ├─23861 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/server1.centos7-test.com.pid └─23933 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/v... Jan 31 10:04:10 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL... Jan 31 10:04:11 server1.centos7-test.com mysql[23854]: Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! Jan 31 10:04:11 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
步骤7：使用MariaDB重建EasyApache以重建Apache/PHP，并确保所有PHP模块都保持完整。
root@server1 [~]#/scripts/easyapache --build IMPORTANT * If you forget to rebuild Apache/PHP after the MariaDB installation, it will report the library error as below: root@server1 [/etc/my.cnf.d]# php -v php: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
第8步：现在验证安装和数据库。
root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 15 Server version: 10.0.23-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show storage engines; +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ | Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints | +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ | CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | MRG_MyISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO | | MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO | | BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO | | MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | InnoDB | DEFAULT | Percona-XtraDB, Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES | | ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | FEDERATED | YES | FederatedX pluggable storage engine | YES | NO | YES | | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO | | Aria | YES | Crash-safe tables with MyISAM heritage | NO | NO | NO | +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
