Ruby-on-rails 'require': 无法加载此类文件 -- 运行 `rails server` 时出现 'nokogiri\nokogiri' (LoadError)
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'require': cannot load such file -- 'nokogiri\nokogiri' (LoadError) when running `rails server`
提问by Shef
I'm running a clean install of Ruby 2.2.1 on Windows 8.1 with DevKit. After the installation I run:
我正在使用 DevKit 在 Windows 8.1 上运行全新安装的 Ruby 2.2.1。安装后我运行：
gem install rails
rails new testapp
cd testapp
rails server
leaving everything else at default.
将其他一切保留为默认值。
The process fails at the last line when, instead of running the server, I get the error message
当我收到错误消息而不是运行服务器时，该过程在最后一行失败
in 'require': cannot load such file -- 'nokogiri\nokogiri' (LoadError)
It happens every time and I've looked around and tried everything I found to fix it, but nothing so far has worked.
它每次都会发生，我环顾四周并尝试了我发现的所有方法来修复它，但到目前为止没有任何效果。
What is the problem here and how do I get a simple test Rails app to work?
这里有什么问题，我如何让一个简单的测试 Rails 应用程序工作？
回答by Mike Dalessio
Nokogiri doesn't support Ruby 2.2 on Windows yet. The next release will. See https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/1256
Nokogiri 还不支持 Windows 上的 Ruby 2.2。下一个版本会。见https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/1256
Nokogiri doesn't support native builds (e.g. with devkit) on Windows. Instead it provides gems containing prebuilt DLLs.
Nokogiri 不支持 Windows 上的本机构建（例如使用 devkit）。相反，它提供包含预构建 DLL 的 gem。
There's a discussion which you may want to join or watch on the topic of devkit build support here: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/1190
您可能想加入或观看有关 devkit 构建支持主题的讨论：https: //github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/1190
回答by Julio Elixir
First, uninstall the version of Nokogiri you currently have with:
gem uninstall nokogiriDownload Nokogiri 1.6.6.2 (x64)or Nokogiri 1.6.6.2 (x86)
Install this version locally using:
gem install --local C:\Users$user$\Downloads\nokogiri-1.6.6.2-x64-mingw32.gemor if you're running 32bit Ruby:
gem install --local C:\Users$user$\Downloads\nokogiri-1.6.6.2-x86-mingw32.gemThe path may differ depending on where you downloaded the file to.
首先，卸载您当前使用的 Nokogiri 版本：
gem uninstall nokogiri使用以下方法在本地安装此版本：
gem install --local C:\Users$user$\Downloads\nokogiri-1.6.6.2-x64-mingw32.gem或者如果您运行的是 32 位 Ruby：
gem install --local C:\Users$user$\Downloads\nokogiri-1.6.6.2-x86-mingw32.gem路径可能会有所不同，具体取决于您将文件下载到的位置。
Try to start the server again using ruby bin\rails server, and it should work.
尝试使用 再次启动服务器ruby bin\rails server，它应该可以工作。
回答by Pascal
I got Nokogiri running with Ruby 2.2 on Windows 10 with a mix of Mike Dalessios and Julios answer:
我让 Nokogiri 在 Windows 10 上使用 Ruby 2.2 运行，混合了 Mike Dalessios 和 Julios 的回答：
- Look for the latest version of Nokogiri in Nokogiri's github repo.
- Run
gem uninstall nokogiri. - Add
gem "nokogiri", ">= 1.6.7.rc"to your Gemfile. - Run
bundle install. - Run
bundle update nokogiriif bundle has locked Nokogiri at some version.
- 在Nokogiri 的 github repo 中查找最新版本的 Nokogiri 。
- 运行
gem uninstall nokogiri。 - 添加
gem "nokogiri", ">= 1.6.7.rc"到您的 Gemfile。 - 运行
bundle install。 bundle update nokogiri如果 bundle 在某个版本中锁定了 Nokogiri，则运行。
回答by Richard Peck
Fix
使固定
- Bundle install (gets Nokogiri files)
- Browse to
ruby_dir\lib\ruby\gems\2.2.0\gems\nokogiri-1.6.6.2\ext\nokogiri - Open
extconf.rb - Add
dir_config('iconv').any? or pkg_config('libiconv')to#376 - Download
MinGW64&MSYSfolders from Mega - Add them to
PATHin Windows (removeDevkitpath refs - it doesn't work) - Download
libxml2,libxslt,iconvlibraries(or here) - Run
ruby extconf.rb --platform=ruby --n --use-system-librariesreferencing downloaded libraries - Run
make - Run
make install
- 捆绑安装（获取 Nokogiri 文件）
- 浏览到
ruby_dir\lib\ruby\gems\2.2.0\gems\nokogiri-1.6.6.2\ext\nokogiri - 打开
extconf.rb - 添加
dir_config('iconv').any? or pkg_config('libiconv')到#376 - 从 Mega下载
MinGW64和MSYS文件夹 - 将它们添加到
PATHWindows（删除Devkit路径引用 - 它不起作用） - 下载
libxml2、libxslt、iconv库（或此处） - 运行
ruby extconf.rb --platform=ruby --n --use-system-libraries引用下载的库 - 跑
make - 跑
make install
Steps
脚步
Bundle Install
捆绑安装
First step is to bundle.
第一步是捆绑.
This will put the nokogirigem on your machine without running the pre-packaged compiler (which mostly doesn't work in Windows).
这会将nokogirigem 放在您的机器上，而无需运行预先打包的编译器（这在 Windows 中通常不起作用）。
This will show Nokogiri as installed:
这将显示 Nokogiri 已安装：
Browse
浏览
Browse to the nokogirifolder, to find ext/nokogiri/extconf.rb:
浏览到nokogiri文件夹，找到ext/nokogiri/extconf.rb：
Open extconf.rb
打开 extconf.rb
... and add dir_config('iconv').any? or pkg_config('libiconv')to #376
...并添加dir_config('iconv').any? or pkg_config('libiconv')到#376
Standard Nokogiri installs "rely" on the libxml2inclusion of iconv- we need to explicitly define it, otherwise iconv.h is missingerrors will occur.
标准 Nokogiri 安装“依赖”libxml2包含iconv——我们需要明确定义它，否则iconv.h is missing会发生错误。
Add Toolchain
添加工具链
Don't use devkitfor this - it doesn't work.
不要devkit用于此 - 它不起作用。
You need MinGW:
你需要MinGW：
I have zipped my exact MinGW64and MSYS64folders on Mega(key: !FJtcq25l-QMsNltCxllMhc1IGqORvap8xv8gWxSUbDA):
我已经在 Mega 上压缩了我的确切MinGW64和MSYS64文件夹（键：）!FJtcq25l-QMsNltCxllMhc1IGqORvap8xv8gWxSUbDA：
Add to PATH
添加到路径
This gives access to gcc& make(both required):
这可以访问gcc& make（两者都需要）：
Remove the devkitref from your path, and add the following:
devkit从您的路径中删除ref，并添加以下内容：
- MINGW64_PATH/bin
- MSYS64_PATH/bin
- MINGW64_PATH/bin
- MSYS64_PATH/bin
Download Libs
下载库
I have added the libs to Mega:
我已将库添加到 Mega：
You will unzip them here:
您将在此处解压缩它们：
All the libs are from this source.
所有的库都来自这个来源。
Run extconf.rb
跑 extconf.rb
Once libs are on your system, you can run ruby extconf.rbto configure the build:
一旦库在您的系统上，您就可以运行ruby extconf.rb以配置构建：
32bit
ruby extconf.rb --platform=ruby -N -- --use-system-libraries --with-xml2-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/32bit/libxml2-2.9.2-win32-x86 --with-xml2-include=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/32bit/libxml2-2.9.2-win32-x86/include/libxml2 --with-iconv-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/32bit/iconv-1.14-win32-x86 --with-xslt-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/32bit/libxslt-1.1.28-win32-x8664bit
#64 ruby extconf.rb --platform=ruby -N -- --use-system-libraries --with-xml2-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/64bit/libxml2-2.9.2-win32-x86_64 --with-xml2-include=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/64bit/libxml2-2.9.2-win32-x86_64/include/libxml2 --with-iconv-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/64bit/iconv-1.14-win32-x86_64 --with-xslt-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/64bit/libxslt-1.1.28-win32-x86_64
32位
ruby extconf.rb --platform=ruby -N -- --use-system-libraries --with-xml2-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/32bit/libxml2-2.9.2-win32-x86 --with-xml2-include=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/32bit/libxml2-2.9.2-win32-x86/include/libxml2 --with-iconv-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/32bit/iconv-1.14-win32-x86 --with-xslt-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/32bit/libxslt-1.1.28-win32-x8664位
#64 ruby extconf.rb --platform=ruby -N -- --use-system-libraries --with-xml2-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/64bit/libxml2-2.9.2-win32-x86_64 --with-xml2-include=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/64bit/libxml2-2.9.2-win32-x86_64/include/libxml2 --with-iconv-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/64bit/iconv-1.14-win32-x86_64 --with-xslt-dir=C:/Dev/Dependencies/Ruby/lib/nokogiri/64bit/libxslt-1.1.28-win32-x86_64
make
make
This may create errors / warnings, as long as it says "Error 1 (ignored)", it should be okay.
这可能会产生错误/警告，只要它说“ Error 1 (ignored)”，就应该没问题。
Following that, use make install:
之后，使用make install：
Then browse to your Rails installation and run rails s:
然后浏览到您的 Rails 安装并运行rails s：
Explanation
解释
To give context:
给出上下文：
Ruby 2.2+ on Windows doesn't compile the extensionsNokogiri requires.
Windows 上的 Ruby 2.2+ 不编译Nokogiri 所需的扩展。
The extensionsof a gem are the extra dependencies (libraries) it uses.
gem的扩展是它使用的额外依赖项（库）。
They are built when you installthe gem:
它们是在您安装gem时构建的：
Lack of extensions is preventing Nokogiri from running.
缺乏扩展阻止了 Nokogiri 运行。
Extensions exist in the extfolder of a gem (you can read about them here):
扩展存在于extgem的文件夹中（你可以在这里阅读它们）：
Mysql2,RMagick,PGSQL, Nokogirietc alluse extensions/libraries.
Mysql2，RMagick，PGSQL，Nokogiri等所有使用扩展/库。
This is why - on Windows - you have to use custom switches (--with-opt-dir) when installing the gem. This gives Ruby / the shell / (cmd) the required lib/ includedirectories required to build the gem's files (it's the equivalent of how PATHworks).
这就是为什么 - 在 Windows 上 ---with-opt-dir安装 gem 时必须使用自定义开关 ( )。这为 Ruby / shell / ( cmd)提供了构建 gem 文件所需的lib/include目录（它相当于PATH工作原理）。
On Linux/Mac, these directories are managed with the respective package managers (brew/apt-get). Windows does not have this, so you have to install the extensions manually.
在Linux/ 上Mac，这些目录由各自的包管理器 ( brew/ apt-get) 管理。Windows 没有这个，所以你必须手动安装扩展。
Because Windows does not have a standard set of libraries, you have to download them yourself. You also have to buildthem yourself (which is tricky).
因为 Windows 没有一套标准的库，你必须自己下载它们。您还必须自己构建它们（这很棘手）。
The fix for Nokogiri install is to use the right libraries and build tools to get the gem installed.
Nokogiri 安装的修复是使用正确的库和构建工具来安装 gem。
Build
建造
The difference with Ruby 2.2+ is the gem will "install" without showing any exceptions. You think it has installed, only to find Rails does notload (hence the nokogiri/nokogiri.soerror).
与 Ruby 2.2+ 的不同之处在于 gem 将“安装”而不显示任何异常。你以为它已经安装了，才发现 Rails没有加载（因此出现nokogiri/nokogiri.so错误）。
This means you have to make sure you have the files on your system, and run the compiler to install them.
这意味着您必须确保系统上有这些文件，并运行编译器来安装它们。
The above documentation should show you how to do that.
上面的文档应该向您展示如何做到这一点。
