bash 循环遍历目录和 zip 中的文件

Loop through files in directory and zip

提问by rtho782

I am trying to make a bash script to loop through all files in a directory, and individually zip them to another directory.

我正在尝试制作一个 bash 脚本来遍历目录中的所有文件，并将它们单独压缩到另一个目录。

Currently I have this:

目前我有这个：

FILES=/media/user/storage/unzipped/*
for f in $FILES
do
  7za a -t7z /media/user/storage/zipped/$f.7z $f -mx9 -r -ppassword -mhe
done

The problem is that the variable $f includes the absolute path to the source file, so my output file ends up in /media/user/storage/zipped/media/user/storage/unzipped/

问题是变量 $f 包含源文件的绝对路径，所以我的输出文件最终在 /media/user/storage/zipped/media/user/storage/unzipped/

How can I extract only the name from the $f variable?

如何仅从 $f 变量中提取名称？

采纳答案by Mathieu

You can use basenamefunction:

您可以使用basename功能：

FILES=/media/user/storage/unzipped/*
for f in $FILES
do
  7za a -t7z "/media/user/storage/zipped/$(basename $f).7z" $f -mx9 -r -ppassword -mhe
done

But, you may have problem with files in subfolders, so you can change the wordking directory:

但是，您可能会遇到子文件夹中的文件问题，因此您可以更改 wordking 目录：

#record current dir
OWD=$(pwd)  

# move to interesting directory 
cd /media/user/storage/unzipped

# zip
for f in *
do
  7za a -t7z /media/user/storage/zipped/$f.7z $f -mx9 -r -ppassword -mhe
done

# restore dir
cd $OWD

回答by Martin

You need to extract filename from the path:

您需要从路径中提取文件名：

FILES=/media/user/storage/unzipped/*
for f in $FILES
do
  filename=$(basename "$f")
  7za a -t7z /media/user/storage/zipped/${filename}.7z $f -mx9 -r -ppassword -mhe
done

回答by Krzysztof W

You can use so called Parameter expansion, which I believe is a good use for you:

您可以使用所谓的Parameter expand，我相信这对您很有用：

FILES=/media/user/storage/unzipped/*
for f in $FILES
do
  7za a -t7z /media/user/storage/zipped/${f##*/}.7z $f -mx9 -r -ppassword -mhe
done

More on Parameter Expansion - here

更多关于参数扩展 -这里

回答by sjsam

For recursively finding files in /media/user/storage/unzipped/you use nullglob

为了递归查找文件，/media/user/storage/unzipped/请使用 nullglob

shopt -s nullglob
for f in /media/user/storage/unzipped/** # See [1]
do
  [ -f "$f" ] &&  7za a -t7z "/media/user/storage/zipped/${f##*/}.7z" "$f" -mx9 -r -ppassword -mhe # See [2]
done
shopt -u nullglob

---

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References

参考

1. The **recursively finds anything under the given directory which may include directories as well, so in the next step check if $fis indeed a file ([ -f "$f" ]) and then zip it.
2. The ${f##*/}gives you the basename of the file. See param [ expansion ].
3. Double quote the variables to prevent [ word splitting ].

1. 在**指定目录下的递归方式查找任何可能包含目录一样，所以在下一步检查，如果$f确实是一个文件（[ -f "$f" ]），然后压缩它。
2. 该${f##*/}给你的文件的基本名称。参见参数[展开]。
3. 双引号变量以防止[分词]。