C++ 如何仅使用 boost 将字符串编码为 base64？

How do I encode a string to base64 using only boost?

提问by MattiasF

I'm trying to quickly encode a simple ASCII string to base64 (Basic HTTP Authentication using boost::asio) and not paste in any new code code or use any libraries beyond boost.

我正在尝试将一个简单的 ASCII 字符串快速编码为 base64（使用 boost::asio 的基本 HTTP 身份验证），而不是粘贴任何新的代码代码或使用任何超出 boost 的库。

Simple signature would look like: string Base64Encode(const string& text);

简单的签名看起来像： string Base64Encode(const string& text);

Again I realize the algorithm is easy and there are many libraries/examples doing this but I'm looking for a clean boost example. I found boost serialization but no clear examples there or from Google. http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_46_1/libs/serialization/doc/dataflow.html

我再次意识到该算法很简单，并且有很多库/示例可以这样做，但我正在寻找一个干净的提升示例。我找到了 boost 序列化，但没有明确的例子，也没有来自谷歌的例子。 http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_46_1/libs/serialization/doc/dataflow.html

Is this possible without adding the actual base64 algorithm explicitly to my code?

如果不将实际的 base64 算法显式添加到我的代码中，这可能吗？

采纳答案by Tobias Schlegel

I improved the example in the link you provided a little:

我改进了您提供的链接中的示例：

#include <boost/archive/iterators/base64_from_binary.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/iterators/insert_linebreaks.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/iterators/transform_width.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/iterators/ostream_iterator.hpp>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>


int main()
{
    using namespace boost::archive::iterators;

    std::string test = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce ornare ullamcorper ipsum ac gravida.";

    std::stringstream os;
    typedef 
        insert_linebreaks<         // insert line breaks every 72 characters
            base64_from_binary<    // convert binary values to base64 characters
                transform_width<   // retrieve 6 bit integers from a sequence of 8 bit bytes
                    const char *,
                    6,
                    8
                >
            > 
            ,72
        > 
        base64_text; // compose all the above operations in to a new iterator

    std::copy(
        base64_text(test.c_str()),
        base64_text(test.c_str() + test.size()),
        ostream_iterator<char>(os)
    );

    std::cout << os.str();
}

This prints the string encoded base64 nicely formated with a line break every 72 characters onto the console, ready to be put into an email. If you don't like the linebreaks, just stay with this:

这会将 base64 编码的字符串以每 72 个字符的换行符格式很好地打印到控制台上，准备好放入电子邮件中。如果您不喜欢换行符，请继续使用：

    typedef 
        base64_from_binary<
           transform_width<
                const char *,
                6,
                8
            >
        > 
        base64_text;

回答by ltc

Here is my solution. It uses the same basic technique as the other solutions on this page, but solves the problem of the padding in what I feel is a more elegant way. This solution also makes use of C++11.

这是我的解决方案。它使用与本页其他解决方案相同的基本技术，但以我认为更优雅的方式解决了填充问题。该解决方案还使用了 C++11。

I think that most of the code is self explanatory. The bit of math in the encode function calculates the number of '=' characters we need to add. The modulo 3 of val.size() the remainder, but what we really want is the difference between val.size() and the next number divisible by three. Since we have the remainder we can just subtract the remainder from 3, but that leaves 3 in the case that we want 0, so we have to modulo 3 one more time.

我认为大部分代码都是不言自明的。encode 函数中的数学运算计算我们需要添加的 '=' 字符的数量。val.size() 的模 3 是余数，但我们真正想要的是 val.size() 与下一个可被 3 整除的数之间的差。因为我们有余数，所以我们可以从 3 中减去余数，但是如果我们想要 0，那就剩下 3，所以我们必须再对 3 求模一次。

#include <boost/archive/iterators/binary_from_base64.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/iterators/base64_from_binary.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/iterators/transform_width.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>

std::string decode64(const std::string &val) {
    using namespace boost::archive::iterators;
    using It = transform_width<binary_from_base64<std::string::const_iterator>, 8, 6>;
    return boost::algorithm::trim_right_copy_if(std::string(It(std::begin(val)), It(std::end(val))), [](char c) {
        return c == '
const std::string base64_padding[] = {"", "==","="};
std::string base64_encode(const std::string& s) {
  namespace bai = boost::archive::iterators;

  std::stringstream os;

  // convert binary values to base64 characters
  typedef bai::base64_from_binary
  // retrieve 6 bit integers from a sequence of 8 bit bytes
  <bai::transform_width<const char *, 6, 8> > base64_enc; // compose all the above operations in to a new iterator

  std::copy(base64_enc(s.c_str()), base64_enc(s.c_str() + s.size()),
            std::ostream_iterator<char>(os));

  os << base64_padding[s.size() % 3];
  return os.str();
}

std::string base64_decode(const std::string& s) {
  namespace bai = boost::archive::iterators;

  std::stringstream os;

  typedef bai::transform_width<bai::binary_from_base64<const char *>, 8, 6> base64_dec;

  unsigned int size = s.size();

  // Remove the padding characters, cf. https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/5629
  if (size && s[size - 1] == '=') {
    --size;
    if (size && s[size - 1] == '=') --size;
  }
  if (size == 0) return std::string();

  std::copy(base64_dec(s.data()), base64_dec(s.data() + size),
            std::ostream_iterator<char>(os));

  return os.str();
}
';
    });
}

std::string encode64(const std::string &val) {
    using namespace boost::archive::iterators;
    using It = base64_from_binary<transform_width<std::string::const_iterator, 6, 8>>;
    auto tmp = std::string(It(std::begin(val)), It(std::end(val)));
    return tmp.append((3 - val.size() % 3) % 3, '=');
}

回答by flare

Another solution using boost base64 encode decode:

另一种使用 boost base64 编码解码的解决方案：

    std::string t_e[TESTSET_SIZE] = {
        ""
      , "M"
      , "Ma"
      , "Man"
      , "pleasure."
      , "leasure."
      , "easure."
      , "asure."
      , "sure."
};
std::string t_d[TESTSET_SIZE] = {
        ""
      , "TQ=="
      , "TWE="
      , "TWFu"
      , "cGxlYXN1cmUu"
      , "bGVhc3VyZS4="
      , "ZWFzdXJlLg=="
      , "YXN1cmUu"
      , "c3VyZS4="
};

And here are the test cases:

这是测试用例：

boost::beast::detail::base64::encode()
boost::beast::detail::base64::encoded_size()
boost::beast::detail::base64::decode()
boost::beast::detail::base64::decoded_size()

Hope this helps

希望这可以帮助

回答by Ben

You could use beast's implementation.

你可以使用野兽的实现。

For boost version 1.71, the functions are:

对于 boost 版本 1.71，功能是：

boost::beast::detail::base64_encode()
boost::beast::detail::base64_decode()

From #include <boost/beast/core/detail/base64.hpp>

来自 #include < boost/beast/core/detail/base64.hpp>

For older versions back to beast's inclusion in 1.66, the functions are:

对于在 1.66 中重新包含野兽的旧版本，功能是：

///
/// Convert up to len bytes of binary data in src to base64 and store it in dest
///
/// \param dest Destination buffer to hold the base64 data.
/// \param src Source binary data.
/// \param len The number of bytes of src to convert.
///
/// \return The number of characters written to dest.
/// \remarks Does not store a terminating null in dest.
///
uint base64_encode(char* dest, const char* src, uint len)
{
    char tail[3] = {0,0,0};
    typedef base64_from_binary<transform_width<const char *, 6, 8> > base64_enc;

    uint one_third_len = len/3;
    uint len_rounded_down = one_third_len*3;
    uint j = len_rounded_down + one_third_len;

    std::copy(base64_enc(src), base64_enc(src + len_rounded_down), dest);

    if (len_rounded_down != len)
    {
        uint i=0;
        for(; i < len - len_rounded_down; ++i)
        {
            tail[i] = src[len_rounded_down+i];
        }

        std::copy(base64_enc(tail), base64_enc(tail + 3), dest + j);

        for(i=len + one_third_len + 1; i < j+4; ++i)
        {
            dest[i] = '=';
        }

        return i;
    }

    return j;
}

///
/// Convert null-terminated string src from base64 to binary and store it in dest.
///
/// \param dest Destination buffer
/// \param src Source base64 string
/// \param len Pointer to unsigned int representing size of dest buffer. After function returns this is set to the number of character written to dest.
///
/// \return Pointer to first character in source that could not be converted (the terminating null on success)
///
const char* base64_decode(char* dest, const char* src, uint* len)
{
    uint output_len = *len;

    typedef transform_width<binary_from_base64<const char*>, 8, 6> base64_dec;

    uint i=0;
    try
    {
        base64_dec src_it(src);
        for(; i < output_len; ++i)
        {
            *dest++ = *src_it;
            ++src_it;
        }
    }
    catch(dataflow_exception&)
    {
    }

    *len = i;
    return src + (i+2)/3*4; // bytes in = bytes out / 3 rounded up * 4
}

From #include <boost/beast/core/detail/base64.hpp>

来自 #include < boost/beast/core/detail/base64.hpp>

回答by Eloff

For anyone coming here from Google, here's my base64 encode/decode functions based off boost. It handles padding correctly as per DanDan's comment above. The decode functions stops when it encounters an illegal character, and returns a pointer to that character, which is great if you're parsing base64 in json or xml.

对于从 Google 来到这里的任何人，这是我基于 boost 的 base64 编码/解码功能。它按照上面 DanDan 的评论正确处理填充。decode 函数在遇到非法字符时停止，并返回指向该字符的指针，如果您在 json 或 xml 中解析 base64，这非常有用。

const std::string base64_padding[] = {"", "==","="};

std::string base64EncodeText(std::string text) {
    using namespace boost::archive::iterators;
    typedef std::string::const_iterator iterator_type;
    typedef base64_from_binary<transform_width<iterator_type, 6, 8> > base64_enc;
    std::stringstream ss;
    std::copy(base64_enc(text.begin()), base64_enc(text.end()), ostream_iterator<char>(ss));
    ss << base64_padding[text.size() % 3];
    return ss.str();
}

std::string base64EncodeData(std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
    using namespace boost::archive::iterators;
    typedef std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator iterator_type;
    typedef base64_from_binary<transform_width<iterator_type, 6, 8> > base64_enc;
    std::stringstream ss;
    std::copy(base64_enc(data.begin()), base64_enc(data.end()), ostream_iterator<char>(ss));
    ss << base64_padding[data.size() % 3];
    return ss.str();
}

回答by user434345

While the encoding works, the decoder is certainly broken. Also there is a bug opened: https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/5629. I have not found a fix for that.

虽然编码有效，但解码器肯定坏了。还有一个打开的错误：https: //svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/5629。我还没有找到解决方法。

回答by neoneye

Base64 encode text and data

Base64 编码文本和数据

#include <boost/archive/iterators/binary_from_base64.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/iterators/base64_from_binary.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/iterators/transform_width.hpp>

std::string ToBase64(const std::vector<unsigned char>& binary)
{
    using namespace boost::archive::iterators;
    using It = base64_from_binary<transform_width<std::vector<unsigned char>::const_iterator, 6, 8>>;
    auto base64 = std::string(It(binary.begin()), It(binary.end()));
    // Add padding.
    return base64.append((3 - binary.size() % 3) % 3, '=');
}

std::vector<unsigned char> FromBase64(const std::string& base64)
{
    using namespace boost::archive::iterators;
    using It = transform_width<binary_from_base64<std::string::const_iterator>, 8, 6>;
    auto binary = std::vector<unsigned char>(It(base64.begin()), It(base64.end()));
    // Remove padding.
    auto length = base64.size();
    if(binary.size() > 2 && base64[length - 1] == '=' && base64[length - 2] == '=')
    {
        binary.erase(binary.end() - 2, binary.end());
    }
    else if(binary.size() > 1 && base64[length - 1] == '=')
    {
        binary.erase(binary.end() - 1, binary.end());
    }
    return binary;
}

回答by Amir Saniyan

This is another answer:

这是另一个答案：

const std::string base64_padding[] = {"", "==","="};
std::string *m_ArchiveData;

/// \brief  To Base64 string
bool Base64Encode(string* output) 
{  
    try
    {
        UInt32 iPadding_Mask = 0;
        typedef boost::archive::iterators::base64_from_binary
            <boost::archive::iterators::transform_width<const char *, 6, 8> > Base64EncodeIterator;  
        UInt32 len = m_ArchiveData->size();
        std::stringstream os;

        std::copy(Base64EncodeIterator(m_ArchiveData->c_str()), 
            Base64EncodeIterator(m_ArchiveData->c_str()+len), 
            std::ostream_iterator<char>(os));

        iPadding_Mask = m_ArchiveData->size() % 3;
        os << base64_padding[iPadding_Pask];

        *output = os.str();
        return output->empty() == false;  
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        PLOG_ERROR_DEV("unknown error happens");
        return false;
    }
}  

/// \brief  From Base64 string
bool mcsf_data_header_byte_stream_archive::Base64Decode(const std::string *input) 
{  
    try
    {
        std::stringstream os;
        bool bPaded = false;
        typedef boost::archive::iterators::transform_width<boost::archive::iterators::
            binary_from_base64<const char *>, 8, 6> Base64DecodeIterator;  

        UInt32 iLength = input->length();
        // Remove the padding characters, cf. https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/5629
        if (iLength && (*input)[iLength-1] == '=') {
            bPaded = true;
            --iLength;
            if (iLength && (*input)[iLength - 1] == '=') 
            {
                --iLength;
            }
        }
        if (iLength == 0)
        {
            return false;
        }

        if(bPaded)
        {
            iLength --;
        }

        copy(Base64DecodeIterator(input->c_str()) ,
            Base64DecodeIterator(input->c_str()+iLength), 
            ostream_iterator<char>(os)); 

        *m_ArchiveData = os.str();
        return m_ArchiveData->empty() == false;
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        PLOG_ERROR_DEV("unknown error happens");
        return false;
    }
}  

回答by Richardicy

I modified the Answer 8 because it's not functional on my platform.

我修改了答案 8，因为它在我的平台上不起作用。

##代码##