Linux 从“find”循环文件名？
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Loop over file names from `find`?
提问by Searene
If I run this command:
如果我运行这个命令：
sudo find . -name *.mp3
then I can get a listing of lots of mp3 files.
然后我可以得到很多 mp3 文件的列表。
Now I want to do something with each mp3 file in a loop. For example, I could create a whileloop, and inside assign the first file name to the variable file. Then I could do something with that file. Next I could assign the second file name to the variable fileand do with that, etc.
现在我想对循环中的每个 mp3 文件做一些事情。例如，我可以创建一个while循环，并在内部将第一个文件名分配给变量file. 然后我可以对那个文件做一些事情。接下来，我可以将第二个文件名分配给变量file并使用它，等等。
How can I realize this using a linux shell command? Any help is appreciated, thanks!
如何使用 linux shell 命令实现这一点？任何帮助表示赞赏，谢谢！
采纳答案by Jeremy Kerr
For this, use the readbuiltin:
为此，请使用read内置：
sudo find . -name *.mp3 |
while read filename
do
echo "$filename" # ... or any other command using $filename
done
Provided that your filenames don't use the newline (\n) character, this should work fine.
如果您的文件名不使用换行符 ( \n) 字符，这应该可以正常工作。
回答by Some programmer dude
How about using the -execoption to find?
使用-exec选项查找怎么样？
find . -name '*.mp3' -exec mpg123 '{}' \;
That will call the command mpg123for every file found, i.e. it will play all the files, in the order they are found.
这将为mpg123找到的每个文件调用该命令，即它将按照找到的顺序播放所有文件。
回答by Mallik
for file in $(sudo find . -name *.mp3);
do
# do something with file
done
回答by sehe
My favourites are
我最喜欢的是
find . -name '*.mp3' -exec cmd {} \;
or
或者
find . -name '*.mp3' -print0 | xargs -0 cmd
While Loop
While 循环
As others have pointed out, you can frequently use a while readloop to read filenames line by line, it has the drawback of not allowing line-ends in filenames (who uses that?).
正如其他人指出的那样，您可以经常使用while read循环逐行读取文件名，它的缺点是不允许文件名中有行结尾（谁使用它？）。
xargsvs. -exec cmd {} +
xargs对比 -exec cmd {} +
Summarizing the comments saying that -exec...+is better, I prefer xargs because it is more versatile:
总结评论说-exec...+更好，我更喜欢 xargs 因为它更通用：
- works with other commands than just
find - allows 'batching' (grouping) in command lines, say
xargs -n 10(ten at a time) - allows parallellizing, say
xargs -P4(max 4 concurrent processes running at a time) does privilige separation (such as in the OP's case, where he uses
sudo find: using-execwould run all commands as the root user, whereas withxargsthat isn't necessary:sudo find -name '*.mp3' -print0 | sudo xargs -0 require_root.sh sudo find -name '*.mp3' -print0 | xargs -0 nonroot.shin general, pipes are just more versatile (logging, sorting, remoting, caching, checking, parallelizing etc, you can do that)
- 与其他命令一起使用，而不仅仅是
find - 允许在命令行中进行“批处理”（分组），例如
xargs -n 10（一次十个） - 允许并行化，比如说
xargs -P4（一次最多运行 4 个并发进程） 是否进行特权分离（例如在 OP 的情况下，他使用
sudo find: using-exec将以 root 用户身份运行所有命令，而xargs没有必要这样做：sudo find -name '*.mp3' -print0 | sudo xargs -0 require_root.sh sudo find -name '*.mp3' -print0 | xargs -0 nonroot.sh一般来说，管道只是更通用（日志记录、排序、远程处理、缓存、检查、并行化等，你可以这样做）
