在 Linux 上用 C++ 读取硬盘扇区
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Reading Hard Disk Sectors in C++ on Linux
提问by Anthoni C
How do you read hard disk sectors in C++ with gcc/linux? Is there a standard library that I can use or must something be downloaded? In Windows I can use CreateFile(...) to access raw disk sectors, but I do not know how to do in in Linux.
你如何用gcc/linux在C++中读取硬盘扇区？是否有我可以使用的标准库或必须下载某些内容？在 Windows 中，我可以使用 CreateFile(...) 访问原始磁盘扇区，但我不知道在 Linux 中如何操作。
I am using GCC on Ubuntu LTS 10.4. Thank you for your help.
我在 Ubuntu LTS 10.4 上使用 GCC。感谢您的帮助。
采纳答案by Dietrich Epp
The hard disk is just another file (not a "regular file" but a "device file", but still, a file). Open it the normal way...
硬盘只是另一个文件（不是“普通文件”而是“设备文件”，但仍然是一个文件）。正常打开...
int fdes = open("/dev/sda1", O_RDONLY);
if (fdes < 0)
err(1, "/dev/sda1");
... do more ...
You will get permission errors unless you have the right permissions. Note that "/dev/sda1"is just an example, it is the first partition on disk sda, the exact path will depend on your system. You can list mount points with the mountcommand, and you can access entire disks (instead of just partitions) using /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc.
除非您拥有正确的权限，否则您将收到权限错误。请注意，这"/dev/sda1"只是一个示例，它是磁盘上的第一个分区sda，确切的路径将取决于您的系统。你可以列出与挂载点mount命令，你可以使用访问整个磁盘（而不仅仅是分区）/dev/sda，/dev/sdb等等。
You could also open it as a C++ fstreamor C FILE, but I do not recommend this. You will have a better time finding example code and getting help on forums if you use openinstead.
您也可以将其作为 C++fstream或 C 来打开FILE，但我不建议这样做。如果您open改为使用，您将有更好的时间查找示例代码并在论坛上获得帮助。
回答by dubvfan87
you can dump disk sectors to a file with the dd command and read the file generated
您可以使用 dd 命令将磁盘扇区转储到文件中并读取生成的文件
回答by Rob?
As others have correctly pointed out, disk access on Linux (and other Unix-like operating systems) is via a device special file. On my Ubuntu laptop, my hard drive is named "/dev/sda".
正如其他人正确指出的那样，Linux（和其他类 Unix 操作系统）上的磁盘访问是通过设备特殊文件进行的。在我的 Ubuntu 笔记本电脑上，我的硬盘名为“/dev/sda”。
Since you specifically ask how to do it in C++ (not merely how to do it in Linux), here is how to read one sector using std::ifstream.
由于您特别询问如何在 C++ 中执行此操作（不仅仅是如何在 Linux 中执行此操作），因此这里是如何使用std::ifstream.
#include <fstream>
#include <cerrno>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
int main() {
// Which disk?
char diskName[] = "/dev/sda";
std::string diskError = std::string() + diskName + ": ";
// Open device file
std::ifstream disk(diskName, std::ios_base::binary);
if(!disk)
throw(std::runtime_error(diskError + std::strerror(errno)));
// Seek to 54321'th sector
disk.seekg(512 * 54321);
if(!disk)
throw(std::runtime_error(diskError + std::strerror(errno)));
// Read in one sector
std::vector<char> buffer(512);
disk.read(&buffer[0], 512);
if(!disk)
throw(std::runtime_error(diskError + std::strerror(errno)));
}
