ruby 给url添加参数
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Add parameter to url
提问by manuels
I have a url (e.g. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo) and I'd like to add a parameter to it (wmode=opaque) so that its:
我有一个网址（例如http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo），我想向它添加一个参数（wmode=opaque），以便它：
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo&wmode=opaque
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo&wmode=opaque
Can anyone tell me which function to use to make this work?
谁能告诉我使用哪个函数来完成这项工作？
回答by steenslag
require 'uri'
uri = URI.parse("http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo")
uri.query = [uri.query, "wmode=opaque"].compact.join('&')
puts uri.to_s
#edit Since 1.9.2 there are methods added to the URI module
uri = URI.parse("http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo")
new_query_ar = URI.decode_www_form(String(uri.query)) << ["wmode", "opaque"]
uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(new_query_ar)
puts uri.to_s
(The call to Stringensures that this also works in the case when the original URI does not have a query string)
（调用String确保这在原始 URI 没有查询字符串的情况下也有效）
回答by Nick Q.
As Ruby has evolved over the years the answer differs between versions.
随着 Ruby 多年来的发展，不同版本的答案各不相同。
After 1.9.2
1.9.2之后
Ruby 1.9.2 saw decode_www_formand encode_www_formadded to the URI module, making encoding parameters easier.
Ruby 1.9.2 看到decode_www_form并encode_www_form添加到 URI 模块，使编码参数更容易。
require 'uri'
uri = URI.parse("http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo")
new_query_ar = URI.decode_www_form(uri.query || '') << ["wmode", "opaque"]
uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(new_query_ar)
puts uri.to_s
Explanation
解释
URI.decode_www_formbreaks a string of query parameters (uri.query) into a nested array of parameters ([["v", "og9B3BEnBHo"]])
URI.decode_www_form将一串查询参数 ( uri.query) 分解成一个嵌套的参数数组 ( [["v", "og9B3BEnBHo"]])
uri.query || ''supplies either the query string of the uri, or if it does not exist, an empty string. This prevents decode_www_formfrom running into an error if uri.queryis nil.
uri.query || ''提供 uri 的查询字符串，或者如果它不存在，则提供一个空字符串。这可以防止decode_www_form在uri.queryis 时遇到错误nil。
<< ["wmode", "opaque"]adds another element to the array of query parameters. You may add more by further extending new_query_ar: new_query_ar << ["fullscreen", "1"]
<< ["wmode", "opaque"]将另一个元素添加到查询参数数组中。您可以通过进一步扩展来添加更多内容new_query_ar：new_query_ar << ["fullscreen", "1"]
URI.encode_www_formencodes the nested array new query parameters into a string.
URI.encode_www_form将嵌套数组新查询参数编码为字符串。
Before 1.9.2
1.9.2 之前
require 'uri'
uri = URI.parse("http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo")
uri.query = [uri.query, "wmode=opaque"].compact.join('&')
puts uri.to_s
Explanation
解释
[uri.query, "wmode=opaque"]is an array of all the eventual query parameters. You may add more by extending the array: [uri.query, "wmode=opaque", "fullscreen=1"]or by adding to the final element: "wmode=opaque&fullscreen=1"
[uri.query, "wmode=opaque"]是所有最终查询参数的数组。您可以通过扩展数组来添加更多内容：[uri.query, "wmode=opaque", "fullscreen=1"]或添加到最终元素："wmode=opaque&fullscreen=1"
compactremoves nilelements from an array, thus it removes uri.queryif there is not an existing query parameter.
compactnil从数组中删除元素，因此uri.query如果没有现有的查询参数，它就会删除。
join, finally, joins them into a query string.
join，最后，将它们连接成一个查询字符串。
回答by Tyler Rick
Since you may have multiple query parameters you want to add and not just one, here's a version that lets you append as many params as you want by simply passing in a hash ... Plus a Hash seems like a more natural way to pass in paramsanyway, even if you're only adding one param.
由于您可能有多个查询参数要添加，而不仅仅是一个，这里有一个版本，它允许您通过简单地传递一个散列来附加任意数量的参数......加上一个散列似乎是一种更自然的传递方式params无论如何，即使您只添加一个参数。
require 'uri'
def add_params(url, params = {})
uri = URI(url)
params = Hash[URI.decode_www_form(uri.query || '')].merge(params)
uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
uri.to_s
end
Examples:
例子：
pry(main)> helper.add_params("http://example.com", b: 2)
=> "http://example.com?b=2"
pry(main)> helper.add_params("http://example.com?a=1", b: 2, c: 3)
=> "http://example.com?a=1&b=2&c=3"
pry(main)> helper.add_params("http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo", wmode: 'opaque')
=> "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo&wmode=opaque"
回答by KNejad
Another option is to use the Addressable gem
另一种选择是使用Addressable gem
Once you include Addressable in your project all you will have to do is:
一旦你在你的项目中包含 Addressable，你所要做的就是：
url = Addressable::URI.parse('http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo')
url.query_values = url.query_values.merge(wmode:"opaque")
回答by Richard
In recent versions of the URI module, you can simply do:
在 URI 模块的最新版本中，您可以简单地执行以下操作：
original_uri = 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9B3BEnBHo'
append_params = { 'wmode': 'opaque' }
uri = URI.parse(original_uri)
params = URI.decode_www_form(uri.query || '') + append_params.to_a
uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
puts uri.to_s
