为什么不是 ◎?◎ 和 ? 有效的 JavaScript 变量名？

Why aren't ◎?◎ and ? valid JavaScript variable names?

提问by Peter Olson

I noticed that in Internet Explorer (but, unfortunately, not in the other browsers I tested), you can use some Unicode variable names. This made my day, and I was absolutely delighted that I could write fun Unicode-laden code like this:

我注意到在 Internet Explorer 中（但不幸的是，在我测试的其他浏览器中没有），您可以使用一些 Unicode 变量名称。这让我很开心，我非常高兴能写出像这样有趣的 Unicode 代码：

var ктоε?ναι草泥马 = "You dirty horse.",
    happy?n?mat?p?eia = ":)Yay!",
    ?_? = "emoticon";

alert(ктоε?ναι草泥马 + happy?n?mat?p?eia + ?_?);

For some reason, though, ◎?◎, ?_?and ?are not valid variable names.

出于某种原因，虽然◎?◎，?_?而?不是有效的变量名。

Why do ?_?and 草泥马work, but ◎?◎, ?_?and ?don't?

为什么?_?和草泥马工作，但是◎?◎，?_?并?没有？

EDIT: Test it out in your browser on JSFiddle. I've tested it in Internet Explorer 9, Chrome, Firefox, and Opera. So far, it seems to only work in Internet Explorer 9. (I don't know about Internet Explorer 8 and below.) Let me know if it works in another browser.

编辑：在JSFiddle上的浏览器中测试它。我已经在 Internet Explorer 9、Chrome、Firefox 和 Opera 中对其进行了测试。到目前为止，它似乎只适用于 Internet Explorer 9。（我不知道 Internet Explorer 8 及以下版本。）如果它适用于其他浏览器，请告诉我。

采纳答案by Michael Madsen

?_? and 草泥马 only contain "letters" used in actual alphabets; that is, ? is a symbol from the Kannada alphabet, and 草泥马 consists of Chinese characters.

?_? 和草泥马只包含实际字母中使用的“字母”；那是， ？是卡纳达字母表中的一个符号，草泥马由汉字组成。

◎ and ?, however, are purely symbols; they are not associated with any alphabet.

◎ 和 ? 是纯粹的符号；它们不与任何字母表相关联。

The ECMAScript standard, chapter 7.6(which all the browsers except Internet Explorer are following), states that an identifier must start with one of the following.

ECMAScript 标准第 7.6 章（除 Internet Explorer 外的所有浏览器都遵循该标准）规定标识符必须以下列之一开头。

• a Unicode letter
• $or _
• \followed by a unicode escape sequence.

• 一个 Unicode 字母
• $或者 _
• \后跟一个 unicode 转义序列。

The following characters of an identifier must be one of the following.

标识符的以下字符必须是以下字符之一。

• any of the characters permitted at the start
• a Unicode combining mark
• a Unicode digit
• a Unicode connector punctuation
• a zero-width-non-joiner
• a zero-width joiner

• 开头允许的任何字符
• Unicode 组合标记
• 一个 Unicode 数字
• Unicode 连接符标点符号
• 零宽度非连接器
• 零宽度连接器

IE goes beyond the standard and is permissive enough to allow some symbols, such as ?.

IE 超出了标准并且足够宽容以允许某些符号，例如 ?。

There's a toolthat will tell you if any string that you enter is a valid JavaScript variable name according to ECMAScript 5.1 and Unicode 6.1.

根据 ECMAScript 5.1 和 Unicode 6.1，有一个工具会告诉您输入的任何字符串是否是有效的 JavaScript 变量名称。

回答by broofa

EcmaScript 262, section 7.6says names must start with $, _, or a Unicode letter, and after that may contain either those characters, or Unicode combining marks, Unicode digits, or Unicode connector punctuation (and a couple of format-control characters that are language specific.)

EcmaScript 262 的第 7.6节规定名称必须以 $、_ 或 Unicode 字母开头，之后可以包含这些字符，或 Unicode 组合标记、Unicode 数字或 Unicode 连接符标点（以及一些格式控制字符是特定于语言的。）

So, the difference between allowed and not allowed identifiers in your cases is probably whether the leading character is considered a "letter".

因此，在您的情况下允许和不允许的标识符之间的区别可能是前导字符是否被视为“字母”。

回答by Mathias Bynens

To quote Valid JavaScript variable names, my write-up summarizing the relevant spec sections:

引用Valid JavaScript variable names，我的文章总结了相关的规范部分：

An identifier must start with $, _, or any character in the Unicode categories “Uppercase letter (Lu)”, “Lowercase letter (Ll)”, “Titlecase letter (Lt)”, “Modifier letter (Lm)”, “Other letter (Lo)”, or “Letter number (Nl)”.

The rest of the string can contain the same characters, plus any U+200C zero width non-joinercharacters, U+200D zero width joinercharacters, and characters in the Unicode categories “Non-spacing mark (Mn)”, “Spacing combining mark (Mc)”, “Decimal digit number (Nd)”, or “Connector punctuation (Pc)”.

标识符必须以$、_或 Unicode 类别中的任何字符“大写字母 (Lu)”、“小写字母 (Ll)”、“大写字母 (Lt)”、“修饰符字母 (Lm)”、“其他字母 ( Lo)”或“字母编号 (Nl)”。

字符串的其余部分可以包含相同的字符，加上任何U+200C 零宽度非连接字符、U+200D 零宽度连接字符以及 Unicode 类别“非间距标记 (Mn)”、“间距组合”中的字符标记 (Mc)”、“十进制数字 (Nd)”或“连接器标点符号 (Pc)”。

I've also created a toolthat will tell you if any string that you enter is a valid JavaScript variable name according to ECMAScript 5.1 and Unicode 6.3:

我还创建了一个工具，根据 ECMAScript 5.1 和 Unicode 6.3，它会告诉您输入的任何字符串是否是有效的 JavaScript 变量名：

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P.S. If you were to summarize all these rules in a single ASCII-only regular expression for JavaScript, it would be over 9,000 characters long. Here it is:

PS 如果您将所有这些规则总结在一个 JavaScript 的纯 ASCII 正则表达式中，它将超过 9,000 个字符长。这里是：

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回答by Tommi

For object properties, you can use square-bracket syntax:

对于对象属性，您可以使用方括号语法：

window["◎?◎"] = true;
alert(window["◎?◎"]); // alerts "true"