SQL 在 OPENQUERY 中包含参数

including parameters in OPENQUERY

提问by gaponte69

How can I use a parameter inside sql openquery, such as:

如何在 sql openquery 中使用参数，例如：

SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY([NameOfLinkedSERVER], 'SELECT * FROM TABLENAME
where field1=@someParameter') T1 INNER JOIN MYSQLSERVER.DATABASE.DBO.TABLENAME
T2 ON T1.PK = T2.PK

回答by Garett

From the OPENQUERYdocumentation it states that:

从OPENQUERY文档中它指出：

OPENQUERY does not accept variables for its arguments.

OPENQUERY 不接受其参数的变量。

See this articlefor a workaround.

有关解决方法，请参阅此文章。

UPDATE:

更新：

As suggested, I'm including the recommendations from the article below.

按照建议，我将包括以下文章中的建议。

Pass Basic Values

传递基本值

When the basic Transact-SQL statement is known, but you have to pass in one or more specific values, use code that is similar to the following sample:

当基本 Transact-SQL 语句已知，但您必须传入一个或多个特定值时，请使用类似于以下示例的代码：

DECLARE @TSQL varchar(8000), @VAR char(2)
SELECT  @VAR = 'CA'
SELECT  @TSQL = 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY(MyLinkedServer,''SELECT * FROM pubs.dbo.authors WHERE state = ''''' + @VAR + ''''''')'
EXEC (@TSQL)

Pass the Whole Query

传递整个查询

When you have to pass in the whole Transact-SQL query or the name of the linked server (or both), use code that is similar to the following sample:

当您必须传入整个 Transact-SQL 查询或链接服务器的名称（或两者）时，请使用类似于以下示例的代码：

DECLARE @OPENQUERY nvarchar(4000), @TSQL nvarchar(4000), @LinkedServer nvarchar(4000)
SET @LinkedServer = 'MyLinkedServer'
SET @OPENQUERY = 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY('+ @LinkedServer + ','''
SET @TSQL = 'SELECT au_lname, au_id FROM pubs..authors'')' 
EXEC (@OPENQUERY+@TSQL) 

Use the Sp_executesql Stored Procedure

使用 Sp_executesql 存储过程

To avoid the multi-layered quotes, use code that is similar to the following sample:

为避免多层引号，请使用类似于以下示例的代码：

DECLARE @VAR char(2)
SELECT  @VAR = 'CA'
EXEC MyLinkedServer.master.dbo.sp_executesql
N'SELECT * FROM pubs.dbo.authors WHERE state = @state',
N'@state char(2)',
@VAR

回答by Tahbaza

You can execute a string with OPENQUERY once you build it up. If you go this route think about security and take care not to concatenate user-entered text into your SQL!

一旦你建立了它，你就可以用 OPENQUERY 来执行它。如果您走这条路线，请考虑安全性并注意不要将用户输入的文本连接到您的 SQL 中！

DECLARE @Sql VARCHAR(8000)
SET @Sql = 'SELECT * FROM Tbl WHERE Field1 < ''someVal'' AND Field2 IN '+ @valueList 
SET @Sql = 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY(SVRNAME, ''' + REPLACE(@Sql, '''', '''''') + ''')'
EXEC(@Sql)

回答by Neil Moss

From the MSDN page:

从MSDN 页面：

OPENQUERY does not accept variables for its arguments

OPENQUERY 不接受其参数的变量

Fundamentally, this means you cannot issue a dynamic query. To achieve what your sample is attempting, try this:

从根本上说，这意味着您不能发出动态查询。要实现您的示例正在尝试的内容，请尝试以下操作：

SELECT * FROM 
   OPENQUERY([NameOfLinkedSERVER], 'SELECT * FROM TABLENAME') T1 
   INNER JOIN 
   MYSQLSERVER.DATABASE.DBO.TABLENAME T2 ON T1.PK = T2.PK 
where
   T1.field1 = @someParameter

Clearly if your TABLENAME table contains a large amount of data, this will go across the network too and performance might be poor. On the other hand, for a small amount of data, this works well and avoids the dynamic sql construction overheads (sql injection, escaping quotes) that an execapproach might require.

很明显，如果您的 TABLENAME 表包含大量数据，这也会通过网络传输，性能可能会很差。另一方面，对于少量数据，这很有效，并且避免了exec方法可能需要的动态 sql 构建开销（sql 注入、转义引号）。

回答by Juan Medina

Actually, We found a way to do this:

实际上，我们找到了一种方法来做到这一点：

DECLARE @username varchar(50)
SET @username = 'username'
DECLARE @Output as numeric(18,4)
DECLARE @OpenSelect As nvarchar(500)
SET @OpenSelect = '(SELECT @Output = CAST((CAST(pwdLastSet As bigint) / 864000000000) As numeric(18,4)) FROM OpenQuery (ADSI,''SELECT pwdLastSet
                                FROM  ''''LDAP://domain.net.intra/DC=domain,DC=net,DC=intra''''
                                WHERE objectClass =  ''''User'''' AND sAMAccountName = ''''' + @username + '''''
                          '') AS tblADSI)'
EXEC sp_executesql @OpenSelect, N'@Output numeric(18,4) out', @Output out
SELECT @Output As Outputs

This will assign the result of the OpenQuery execution, in the variable @Output.

这将在变量@Output 中分配 OpenQuery 执行的结果。

We tested for Store procedure in MSSQL 2012, but should work with MSSQL 2008+.

我们在 MSSQL 2012 中测试了存储过程，但应该可以与 MSSQL 2008+ 一起使用。

Microsoft Says that sp_executesql(Transact-SQL): Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2008 through current version), Windows Azure SQL Database (Initial release through current release). (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188001.aspx)

Microsoft 表示 sp_executesql(Transact-SQL)：适用于：SQL Server（SQL Server 2008 到当前版本）、Windows Azure SQL 数据库（初始版本到当前版本）。( http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188001.aspx)

回答by Ryan Maloney

DECLARE @guid varchar(36);  select @guid= convert(varchar(36), NEWID() );
/*
    The one caveat to this technique is that ##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp should ALWAYS have the exact same columns.  
    So make up your global temp table name in the sproc you're using it in and only there!
    In this example I wanted to pass in the name of a global temporary table dynamically.  I have 1 procedure dropping 
    off temporary data in whatever @TableSrc is and another procedure picking it up but we are dynamically passing 
    in the name of our pickup table as a parameter for OPENQUERY.
*/
IF ( OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp' , 'U') IS NULL )
    EXEC ('SELECT * INTO ##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp FROM OPENQUERY(loopback, ''Select *,''''' +  @guid +''''' as tempid FROM ' + @TableSrc + ''')')
ELSE 
    EXEC ('INSERT ##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY(loopback, ''Select *,''''' +  @guid +''''' as tempid FROM ' + @TableSrc + ''')')

--If this proc is run frequently we could run into race conditions, that's why we are adding a guid and only deleting
--the data we added to ##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp
SELECT * INTO #TableSrc FROM ##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp WHERE tempid = @guid

BEGIN TRAN t1
    IF ( OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp' , 'U') IS NOT NULL ) 
    BEGIN
        -- Here we wipe out our left overs if there if everyones done eating the data
        IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp) = 0
            DROP TABLE ##ContextSpecificGlobal__Temp
    END
COMMIT TRAN t1

-- YEAH! Now I can use the data from my openquery without wrapping the whole !$#@$@ thing in a string.

回答by Tuan Zaidi

SELECT field1 FROM OPENQUERY 
                   ([NameOfLinkedSERVER], 
                   'SELECT field1 FROM TABLENAME') 
                           WHERE field1=@someParameter T1 
                                 INNER JOIN MYSQLSERVER.DATABASE.DBO.TABLENAME           
                                 T2 ON T1.PK = T2.PK

回答by Mike

Combine Dynamic SQL with OpenQuery. (This goes to a Teradata server)

将动态 SQL 与 OpenQuery 相结合。（这将转到 Teradata 服务器）

DECLARE 
    @dayOfWk    TINYINT = DATEPART(DW, GETDATE()),
    @qSQL       NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';

SET @qSQL = '
SELECT
    *
FROM
    OPENQUERY(TERASERVER,''
        SELECT DISTINCT
            CASE
                WHEN ' + CAST(@dayOfWk AS NCHAR(1)) + ' = 2
                THEN ''''Monday''''
                ELSE ''''Not Monday''''
            END
        '');';

EXEC sp_executesql @qSQL;

回答by Carlos

In the following example I'm passing a department parameter to a stored procedure(spIncreaseTotalsRpt) and at the same time I'm creating a temp table all from an OPENQUERY. The Temp table needs to be a global Temp (##) so it can be referenced outside it's intance. By using exec sp_executesql you can pass the department parameter.

在下面的示例中，我将一个部门参数传递给一个存储过程 (spIncreaseTotalsRpt)，同时我正在从 OPENQUERY 创建一个临时表。Temp 表需要是一个全局 Temp (##)，所以它可以在它的实例之外被引用。通过使用 exec sp_executesql 您可以传递部门参数。

Note: be careful when using sp_executeSQL. Also your admin might not have this option available to you.

注意：使用 sp_executeSQL 时要小心。此外，您的管理员可能没有此选项可供您使用。

Hope this helps someone.

希望这可以帮助某人。

 IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##Temp') IS NOT NULL
/*Then it exists*/
    begin
       DROP TABLE ##Temp
    end 
 Declare @Dept as nvarchar(20) ='''47'''

 declare @OPENQUERY  as nvarchar(max)
set @OPENQUERY = 'Select ' + @Dept + ' AS Dept,  * into ##Temp from openquery(SQL_AWSPROD01,''' 

declare @sql nvarchar(max)= @openquery +  'SET FMTONLY OFF EXECUTE SalaryCompensation.dbo.spIncreaseTotalsRpts ' + '''' + @Dept + ''''  + ''')'
declare @parmdef nvarchar(25) 
DECLARE @param nvarchar(20) 

SET @parmdef = N'@Dept varchar(20)'
-- select @sql
-- Print @sql + @parmdef  + @dept
exec sp_executesql @sql,@parmdef, @Dept  
Select * from ##Temp

Results

结果

Dept increase Cnt 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

部门增加 Cnt 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

回答by Hannover Fist

I figured out a way that works for me. It does require the use of a scratch table that a linked serverhas access to though.

我想出了一个对我有用的方法。它确实需要使用链接服务器可以访问的临时表。

I created a table and populated it with the values I need then I reference that table through a linked server.

我创建了一个表并用我需要的值填充它，然后我通过链接服务器引用该表。

SELECT * 
FROM OPENQUERY(KHSSQLODSPRD,'SELECT *
  FROM ABC.dbo.CLAIM A WITH (NOLOCK)
  WHERE A.DOS >= (SELECT MAX(DATE) FROM KHSDASQL01.DA_MAIN.[dbo].[ALLFILENAMES]) ')

回答by Sheikh Abdul Wahid

We can use executemethod instead of openquery. Its code is much cleaner. I had to get linked serverquery result in a variable. I used following code.

我们可以使用executemethod 代替openquery. 它的代码更简洁。我必须linked server在变量中获取查询结果。我使用了以下代码。

CREATE TABLE #selected_store
(
   code VARCHAR(250),
   id INT
)
declare @storeId as integer = 25
insert into #selected_store (id, code) execute('SELECT store_id, code from quickstartproductionnew.store where store_id = ?', @storeId) at [MYSQL]  

declare @code as varchar(100)
select @code = code from #selected_store
select @code
drop table #selected_store

Note:

笔记：

if your query doesn't work, please make sure remote proc transaction promotionis set as falsefor your linked serverconnection.

如果您的查询不起作用，请确保为您的连接remote proc transaction promotion设置。falselinked server

EXEC master.dbo.sp_serveroption
       @server = N'{linked server name}',
       @optname = N'remote proc transaction promotion',
       @optvalue = N'false';