如何在 Python 中解析 HTTP 日期字符串？
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How do I parse an HTTP date-string in Python?
提问by Troels Arvin
Is there an easy way to parse HTTP date-strings in Python? According to the standard, there are several ways to format HTTP date strings; the method should be able to handle this.
有没有一种简单的方法可以在 Python 中解析 HTTP 日期字符串？根据标准，有几种方法可以格式化 HTTP 日期字符串；该方法应该能够处理这个问题。
In other words, I want to convert a string like "Wed, 23 Sep 2009 22:15:29 GMT" to a python time-structure.
换句话说，我想将像“Wed, 23 Sep 2009 22:15:29 GMT”这样的字符串转换为 python 时间结构。
回答by tzot
>>> import email.utils as eut
>>> eut.parsedate('Wed, 23 Sep 2009 22:15:29 GMT')
(2009, 9, 23, 22, 15, 29, 0, 1, -1)
If you want a datetime.datetimeobject, you can do:
如果你想要一个datetime.datetime对象，你可以这样做：
def my_parsedate(text):
return datetime.datetime(*eut.parsedate(text)[:6])
回答by SilentGhost
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime('Wed, 23 Sep 2009 22:15:29 GMT', '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')
datetime.datetime(2009, 9, 23, 22, 15, 29)
回答by user237419
httplib.HTTPMessage(filehandle).getdate(headername)
httplib.HTTPMessage(filehandle).getdate_tz(headername)
mimetools.Message(filehandle).getdate()
rfc822.parsedate(datestr)
rfc822.parsedate_tz(datestr)
- if you have a raw data stream, you can build an HTTPMessage or a mimetools.Message from it. it may offer additional help while querying the response object for infos
- if you are using urllib2, you already have an HTTPMessage object hidden in the filehandler returned by urlopen
- it can probably parse many date formats
- httplib is in the core
- 如果您有原始数据流，则可以从中构建 HTTPMessage 或 mimetools.Message。它可以在查询响应对象的信息时提供额外的帮助
- 如果您使用的是 urllib2，则您已经在 urlopen 返回的文件处理程序中隐藏了一个 HTTPMessage 对象
- 它可能可以解析许多日期格式
- httplib 是核心
NOTE:
笔记：
- had a look at implementation, HTTPMessage inherits from mimetools.Message which inherits from rfc822.Message. two floating defs are of your interest maybe, parsedate and parsedate_tz (in the latter)
- parsedate(_tz) from email.utils has a different implementation, although it looks kind of the same.
- 看看实现，HTTPMessage 继承自 mimetools.Message 继承自 rfc822.Message。两个浮动 defs 可能是您感兴趣的， parsedate 和 parsedate_tz （在后者中）
- 来自 email.utils 的 parsedate(_tz) 有一个不同的实现，虽然它看起来有点相同。
you can do this, if you only have that piece of string and you want to parse it:
你可以这样做，如果你只有那一段字符串并且你想解析它：
>>> from rfc822 import parsedate, parsedate_tz
>>> parsedate('Wed, 23 Sep 2009 22:15:29 GMT')
(2009, 9, 23, 22, 15, 29, 0, 1, 0)
>>>
but let me exemplify through mime messages:
但让我通过 mime 消息来举例说明：
import mimetools
import StringIO
message = mimetools.Message(
StringIO.StringIO('Date:Wed, 23 Sep 2009 22:15:29 GMT\r\n\r\n'))
>>> m
<mimetools.Message instance at 0x7fc259146710>
>>> m.getdate('Date')
(2009, 9, 23, 22, 15, 29, 0, 1, 0)
or via http messages (responses)
或通过 http 消息（响应）
>>> from httplib import HTTPMessage
>>> from StringIO import StringIO
>>> http_response = HTTPMessage(StringIO('Date:Wed, 23 Sep 2009 22:15:29 GMT\r\n\r\n'))
>>> #http_response can be grabbed via urllib2.urlopen(url).info(), right?
>>> http_response.getdate('Date')
(2009, 9, 23, 22, 15, 29, 0, 1, 0)
right?
对？
>>> import urllib2
>>> urllib2.urlopen('https://fw.io/').info().getdate('Date')
(2014, 2, 19, 18, 53, 26, 0, 1, 0)
there, now we now more about date formats, mime messages, mime tools and their pythonic implementation ;-)
在那里，现在我们更多地了解日期格式、mime 消息、mime 工具及其 Python 实现；-)
whatever the case, looks better than using email.utils for parsing http headers.
无论如何，看起来比使用 email.utils 解析 http 标头更好。
回答by saaj
Since Python 3.3 there's email.utils.parsedate_to_datetimewhich can parse RFC 5322timestamps (aka IMF-fixdate, Internet Message Format fixed length format, a subset of HTTP-dateof RFC 7231).
因为Python 3.3有email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime其可以解析RFC 5322时间戳（又名IMF-fixdate，Internet邮件格式的固定长度格式中，一个子集HTTP-date的RFC 7231）。
>>> from email.utils import parsedate_to_datetime
...
... s = 'Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT'
... parsedate_to_datetime(s)
0: datetime.datetime(1994, 11, 6, 8, 49, 37, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
There's also undocumented http.cookiejar.http2timewhich can achieve the same as follows:
还有未记录的http.cookiejar.http2time可以实现如下相同的：
>>> from datetime import datetime, timezone
... from http.cookiejar import http2time
...
... s = 'Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT'
... datetime.utcfromtimestamp(http2time(s)).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
1: datetime.datetime(1994, 11, 6, 8, 49, 37, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
It was introduced in Python 2.4 as cookielib.http2timefor dealing with Cookie Expiresdirective which is expressed in the same format.
它是在 Python 2.4 中引入的，cookielib.http2time用于处理以Expires相同格式表示的Cookie指令。
