如何使用 Python 在 Unix 或 Linux 中获取程序的进程 ID？
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How do you get the process ID of a program in Unix or Linux using Python?
提问by James
I'm writing some monitoring scripts in Python and I'm trying to find the cleanest way to get the process ID of any random running program given the name of that program
我正在用 Python 编写一些监控脚本，我试图找到最干净的方法来获取给定该程序名称的任何随机运行程序的进程 ID
something like
就像是
ps -ef | grep MyProgram
I could parse the output of that however I thought there might be a better way in python
我可以解析它的输出但是我认为在 python 中可能有更好的方法
采纳答案by lunaryorn
Try pgrep. Its output format is much simpler and therefore easier to parse.
试试pgrep。它的输出格式要简单得多，因此更容易解析。
回答by Derek Swingley
回答by Mark
If you are not limiting yourself to the standard library, I like psutilfor this.
如果您不限制自己使用标准库，那么我喜欢psutil。
For instance to find all "python" processes:
例如查找所有“python”进程：
>>> import psutil
>>> [p.info for p in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid', 'name']) if 'python' in p.info['name']]
[{'name': 'python3', 'pid': 21947},
{'name': 'python', 'pid': 23835}]
回答by user3818650
For Windows
对于 Windows
A Way to get all the pids of programs on your computer without downloading any modules:
一种无需下载任何模块即可获取计算机上所有程序 pid 的方法：
import os
pids = []
a = os.popen("tasklist").readlines()
for x in a:
try:
pids.append(int(x[29:34]))
except:
pass
for each in pids:
print(each)
If you just wanted one program or all programs with the same name and you wanted to kill the process or something:
如果您只想要一个程序或所有具有相同名称的程序，并且您想终止该进程或其他内容：
import os, sys, win32api
tasklistrl = os.popen("tasklist").readlines()
tasklistr = os.popen("tasklist").read()
print(tasklistr)
def kill(process):
process_exists_forsure = False
gotpid = False
for examine in tasklistrl:
if process == examine[0:len(process)]:
process_exists_forsure = True
if process_exists_forsure:
print("That process exists.")
else:
print("That process does not exist.")
raw_input()
sys.exit()
for getpid in tasklistrl:
if process == getpid[0:len(process)]:
pid = int(getpid[29:34])
gotpid = True
try:
handle = win32api.OpenProcess(1, False, pid)
win32api.TerminateProcess(handle, 0)
win32api.CloseHandle(handle)
print("Successfully killed process %s on pid %d." % (getpid[0:len(prompt)], pid))
except win32api.error as err:
print(err)
raw_input()
sys.exit()
if not gotpid:
print("Could not get process pid.")
raw_input()
sys.exit()
raw_input()
sys.exit()
prompt = raw_input("Which process would you like to kill? ")
kill(prompt)
That was just a paste of my process kill program I could make it a whole lot better but it is okay.
那只是我的进程终止程序的粘贴，我可以让它变得更好，但没关系。
回答by Sand3r
The task can be solved using the following piece of code, [0:28] being interval where the name is being held, while [29:34] contains the actual pid.
该任务可以使用以下代码来解决，[0:28] 是保存名称的间隔，而 [29:34] 包含实际的 pid。
import os
program_pid = 0
program_name = "notepad.exe"
task_manager_lines = os.popen("tasklist").readlines()
for line in task_manager_lines:
try:
if str(line[0:28]) == program_name + (28 - len(program_name) * ' ': #so it includes the whitespaces
program_pid = int(line[29:34])
break
except:
pass
print(program_pid)
回答by DevPlayer
Also: Python: How to get PID by process name?
Adaptation to previous posted answers.
适应以前发布的答案。
def getpid(process_name):
import os
return [item.split()[1] for item in os.popen('tasklist').read().splitlines()[4:] if process_name in item.split()]
getpid('cmd.exe')
['6560', '3244', '9024', '4828']
回答by Fernando
For posix (Linux, BSD, etc... only need /proc directory to be mounted) it's easier to work with os files in /proc
对于 posix（Linux、BSD 等...只需要挂载 /proc 目录），使用 /proc 中的 os 文件更容易
Works on python 2 and 3 ( The only difference is the Exception tree, therefore the "except Exception", which i dislike but kept to maintain compatibility. Also could've created custom exception.)
适用于python 2和3（唯一的区别是异常树，因此“除了异常”，我不喜欢但保持兼容性。也可以创建自定义异常。）
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
for dirname in os.listdir('/proc'):
if dirname == 'curproc':
continue
try:
with open('/proc/{}/cmdline'.format(dirname), mode='rb') as fd:
content = fd.read().decode().split('\x00')
except Exception:
continue
for i in sys.argv[1:]:
if i in content[0]:
# dirname is also the number of PID
print('{0:<12} : {1}'.format(dirname, ' '.join(content)))
Sample Output (it works like pgrep):
示例输出（它的工作方式类似于 pgrep）：
phoemur ~/python $ ./pgrep.py bash
1487 : -bash
1779 : /bin/bash
回答by Eyal Levin
With psutil:
与psutil：
(can be installed with [sudo] pip install psutil)
（可以安装[sudo] pip install psutil）
import psutil
# Get current process pid
current_process_pid = psutil.Process().pid
print(current_process_pid) # e.g 12971
# Get pids by program name
program_name = 'chrome'
process_pids = [process.pid for process in psutil.process_iter() if process.name == program_name]
print(process_pids) # e.g [1059, 2343, ..., ..., 9645]
回答by Derek Veit
This is a simplified variation of Fernando's answer. This is for Linux and either Python 2 or 3. No external library is needed, and no external process is run.
这是费尔南多答案的简化变体。这适用于 Linux 和 Python 2 或 3。不需要外部库，也不需要运行外部进程。
import glob
def get_command_pid(command):
for path in glob.glob('/proc/*/comm'):
if open(path).read().rstrip() == command:
return path.split('/')[2]
Only the first matching process found will be returned, which works well for some purposes. To get the PIDs of multiple matching processes, you could just replace the returnwith yield, and then get a list with pids = list(get_command_pid(command)).
只会返回找到的第一个匹配进程，这对于某些目的很有效。为了得到多个匹配进程的PID，你可以只更换return用yield，然后得到一个列表pids = list(get_command_pid(command))。
Alternatively, as a single expression:
或者，作为单个表达式：
For one process:
对于一个过程：
next(path.split('/')[2] for path in glob.glob('/proc/*/comm') if open(path).read().rstrip() == command)
For multiple processes:
对于多个进程：
[path.split('/')[2] for path in glob.glob('/proc/*/comm') if open(path).read().rstrip() == command]
