C语言 printf 字符串,可变长度项

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时间:2020-09-02 08:36:29  来源:igfitidea点击:

printf string, variable length item

cformatprintf

提问by William Entriken

#define SIZE 9
int number=5;
char letters[SIZE]; /* this wont be null-terminated */
... 

char fmt_string[20];
sprintf(fmt_string, "%%d %%%ds", SIZE);
/* fmt_string = "%d %9d"... or it should be */

printf(fmt_string, number, letters);

Is there a better way to do this?

有一个更好的方法吗?

回答by Trent

There is no need to construct a special format string. printfallows you to specify the precision using a parameter (that precedes the value) if you use a .*as the precision in the format tag.

不需要构造特殊的格式字符串。 printf如果您.*在格式标记中使用 a作为精度,则允许您使用参数(在值之前)指定精度。

For example:

例如:

printf ("%d %.*s", number, SIZE, letters);

Note: there is a distinction between width (which is a minimum field width) and precision (which gives the maximum number of characters to be printed). %*sspecifies the width, %.sspecifies the precision. (and you can also use %*.*but then you need two parameters, one for the width one for the precision)

注意:宽度(最小字段宽度)和精度(给出要打印的最大字符数)之间存在区别。 %*s指定宽度,%.s指定精度。(你也可以使用,%*.*但是你需要两个参数,一个是宽度,一个是精度)

See also the printf man page (man 3 printfunder Linux) and especially the sections on field width and precision:

另请参阅 printf 手册页(man 3 printf在 Linux 下),尤其是有关字段宽度和精度的部分:

Instead of a decimal digit string one may write "*" or "*m$" (for some decimal integer m) to specify that the precision is given in the next argument, or in the m-th argument, respectively, which must be of type int.

代替十进制数字字符串,可以写“*”或“*m$”(对于某些十进​​制整数 m)来指定精度分别在下一个参数或第 m 个参数中给出,它们必须是类型为 int。

回答by No One in Particular

A somewhat unknown function is asprintf. The first parameter is a **char. This function will mallocspace for the string so you don't have to do the bookkeeping. Remember to freethe string when done.

一个有点未知的函数是asprintf。第一个参数是**char. 此函数将为malloc字符串留出空间,因此您不必进行簿记。完成后请记住free字符串。

char *fmt_string;

asprintf(&fmt_string, "%%d %%%ds", SIZE);
printf(fmt_string, number, letters);
free(fmt_string);

is an example of use.

是一个使用示例。