git 插入符号 (^) 字符是什么意思？
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What does the caret (^) character mean?
提问by Charles Ma
I saw an answer to a questionhere that helps restore a deleted file in git.
我在这里看到了一个问题的答案，该问题有助于在 git 中恢复已删除的文件。
The solution was
解决办法是
git checkout <deleting_commit>^ -- <deleted_file_path>
What does the caret character (^) do? I've seen it elsewhere doing very useful things in git. It's magical. Someone please spoil it for me and tell me what it does?
插入符号 ( ^) 有什么作用？我在其他地方看到它在 git 中做了非常有用的事情。这很神奇。有人请帮我破坏它并告诉我它有什么作用？
回答by Greg Bacon
HEAD^means the first parent of the tip of the current branch.
HEAD^表示当前分支尖端的第一个父级。
Remember that git commits can have more than one parent. HEAD^is short for HEAD^1, and you can also address HEAD^2and so on as appropriate.
请记住，git commits 可以有多个父级。HEAD^是 的缩写HEAD^1，您也可以根据需要进行寻址HEAD^2等。
You can get to parents of any commit, not just HEAD. You can also move back through generations: for example, master~2means the grandparent of the tip of the master branch, favoring the first parent in cases of ambiguity. These specifiers can be chained arbitrarily
, e.g., topic~3^2. See related answer to What's the difference between HEAD^and HEAD~in Git?
您可以联系任何提交的父母，而不仅仅是HEAD. 您还可以通过几代向后移动：例如，master~2表示主分支尖端的祖父母，在歧义的情况下支持第一个父母。这些说明符可以任意链接，例如，topic~3^2。请参阅Git和Git之间有什么区别？HEAD^HEAD~
For the full details, see the “Specifying Revisions”section of git rev-parse --help.
有关完整的详细信息，请参阅“指定修订版本”一节git rev-parse --help。
回答by mipadi
It means "parent of". So HEAD^means "the parent of the current HEAD". You can even chain them together: HEAD^^means "the parent of the parent of the current HEAD" (i.e., the grandparent of the current HEAD), HEAD^^^means "the parent of the parent of the parent of the current HEAD", and so forth.
它的意思是“的父母”。所以HEAD^意思是“当前 HEAD 的父级”。您甚至可以将它们链接在一起：HEAD^^表示“当前 HEAD 的父级的父级”（即当前 HEAD 的祖父级），HEAD^^^表示“当前 HEAD的父级的父级的父级”，等等。
回答by cmcginty
The ^(caret) can also be used when specifying ranges.
的^时（脱字符号）也可以使用指定范围。
To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix ^ notationis used. E.g. ^r1 r2 means commits reachable from r2 but exclude the ones reachable from r1.
<rev>
Include commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of) .
^<rev>
Exclude commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of) .
要从提交中排除可访问的提交，使用前缀 ^ 表示法。例如 ^r1 r2 表示可从 r2 访问的提交，但排除可从 r1 访问的提交。
<转>
包括可从（即的祖先）访问的提交。
^<转>
排除可从（即的祖先）访问的提交。
回答by cdosborn
Here's a visual explanation. Suppose you have a history like so:
这是一个直观的解释。假设你有这样的历史：
master
... <- B <- C <- D
/
... <- E <- F
feature
When feature was merged into master, Cwas created with two ancestors. Git assigns these ancestors numbers. The mainline ancestor Bis assigned 1 and the feature ancestor Fis assigned 2.
当 feature 合并到 master 时，C是用两个祖先创建的。Git 分配这些祖先编号。主线祖先B被分配 1，特征祖先F被分配 2。
Thus C^1refers to Band C^2refers to F. C^is an alias for C^1.
因此C^1指代B和C^2指代F。C^是 的别名C^1。
You would only ever use <rev>^3. if you had performed a merge of three branches.
你只会使用<rev>^3. 如果您执行了三个分支的合并。
回答by mopoke
The caret refers to the parent of a particular commit. E.g. HEAD^refers to the parent of the current HEAD commmit. (also, HEAD^^refers to the grandparent).
插入符号是指特定提交的父级。例如，HEAD^指的是当前 HEAD 提交的父级。（也HEAD^^指祖父母）。
回答by Amber
The carat represents a commit offset (parent). So for instance, HEAD^means "one commit from HEAD" and HEAD^^^means "three commits from HEAD".
克拉代表提交偏移量（父）。例如，HEAD^表示“来自 HEAD 的一次提交”和HEAD^^^“来自 HEAD 的三次提交”。
回答by TALLBOY
The (^) gets the parent source of the command i.e. HEAD^ will get the parent of HEAD.
(^) 获取命令的父源，即 HEAD^ 将获取 HEAD 的父级。
回答by Ncat
Greg Bacon gave a great link, but it's pretty dense. The Git introductory docs online also introduce revision and range specifiers:
Greg Bacon 给出了一个很好的链接，但它非常密集。在线 Git 介绍性文档还介绍了修订版和范围说明符：
