Python 在 Ubuntu 上使用 pip 安装 NumPy 失败
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时间：2020-08-18 20:36:58 来源:igfitidea点击:
Installing NumPy with pip fails on Ubuntu
提问by Eric Wilson
When I try:
当我尝试：
$ sudo pip install numpy
on my Ubuntu 12.04 server, I get:
在我的 Ubuntu 12.04 服务器上，我得到：
------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/local/bin/pip run on Tue Dec 10 18:25:54 2013
Downloading/unpacking numpy
Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
URLs to search for versions for numpy:
* https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
Analyzing links from page https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.4/n/numpy/numpy-1.0.1.dev3460.win32-py2.4.exe#md5=a55b13b1f141de2aa965d5c5554c4ad8 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.3.0.win32-py2.5.exe#md5=28ee6681b04beb5bfc4bc056417ff087 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.1.win32-py2.5-nosse.exe#md5=bfcb66706ebdece6a9680f79f2b643ca (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.win32-py2.5.exe#md5=539782c7311d4a3379f66a964159ef11 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
[ ...SNIP...]
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=a6b66602e72436db37e6edbbce269fdf (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=b98cc04b20347127e297a99b6114b514 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=1b12834a53d3ba543d41399c40b5b791 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=651465cacf107d254ddcefcebb47064d (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.3/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.win32-py3.3.exe#md5=4f20740e7e9d31a9d4c1636a931bc3f9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.3/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.win32-py3.3.exe#md5=6519c7bb198d0caf2913469883a63be9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.3.0.tar.gz#md5=3f7773ff0971a5ebb8591536d8ec7bd6 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.3.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.4.1.tar.gz#md5=89b8a56e018b634f7d05c56f17bc4943 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.4.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.0.tar.gz#md5=3a8bfdc434df782d647161c48943ee09 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.5.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.1.tar.gz#md5=376ef150df41b5353944ab742145352d (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.5.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.tar.gz#md5=e0993c74cb8e83292e560eac1a9be8e9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.zip#md5=f0ce7ea1a12b3b3480571980af243e48 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.tar.gz#md5=2bce18c08fc4fce461656f0f4dd9103e (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.zip#md5=462c22b8eb221c78ddd51de98fbb5979 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.tar.gz#md5=95ed6c9dcc94af1fc1642ea2a33c1bba (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.2
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.zip#md5=7e13c931985f90efcfa0408f845d6fee (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.2
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.tar.gz#md5=4fa54e40b6a243416f0248123b6ec332 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.zip#md5=ca27913c59393940e880fab420f985b4 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.tar.gz#md5=0ab72b3b83528a7ae79c6df9042d61c6 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.zip#md5=9a72db3cad7a6286c0d22ee43ad9bc6c (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.tar.gz#md5=2a4b0423a758706d592abb6721ec8dcd (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.8.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.zip#md5=6c918bb91c0cfa055b16b13850cfcd6e (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.8.0
Using version 1.8.0 (newest of versions: 1.8.0, 1.8.0, 1.7.1, 1.7.1, 1.7.0, 1.7.0, 1.6.2, 1.6.2, 1.6.1, 1.6.1, 1.6.0, 1.6.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.0, 1.4.1, 1.3.0)
Downloading from URL https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.tar.gz#md5=2a4b0423a758706d592abb6721ec8dcd (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/)
Running setup.py egg_info for package numpy
Running from numpy source directory.
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg'
F2PY Version 2
blas_opt_info:
blas_mkl_info:
libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
openblas_info:
libraries openblas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_info:
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1522: UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_info:
libraries blas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1531: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
the BLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1534: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
NOT AVAILABLE
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/lib': 'benchmarks'
lapack_opt_info:
lapack_mkl_info:
mkl_info:
libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_info:
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1428: UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
lapack_info:
libraries lapack not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1439: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
the LAPACK environment variable.
warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)
lapack_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1442: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
NOT AVAILABLE
/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
warnings.warn(msg)
running egg_info
running build_src
build_src
building py_modules sources
creating build
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy/distutils
building library "npymath" sources
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Could not locate executable gfortran
Could not locate executable f95
customize IntelFCompiler
Could not locate executable ifort
Could not locate executable ifc
customize LaheyFCompiler
Could not locate executable lf95
customize PGroupFCompiler
Could not locate executable pgfortran
customize AbsoftFCompiler
Could not locate executable f90
Could not locate executable f77
customize NAGFCompiler
customize VastFCompiler
customize CompaqFCompiler
Could not locate executable fort
customize IntelItaniumFCompiler
Could not locate executable efort
Could not locate executable efc
customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
customize GnuFCompiler
Could not locate executable g77
customize G95FCompiler
Could not locate executable g95
customize PathScaleFCompiler
Could not locate executable pathf95
don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'
C compiler: gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC
compile options: '-Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -Inumpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c'
gcc: _configtest.c
sh: 1: gcc: not found
sh: 1: gcc: not found
failure.
removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 192, in <module>
setup_package()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 185, in setup_package
configuration=configuration )
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup
return old_setup(**new_attr)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/egg_info.py", line 10, in run
self.run_command("build_src")
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 153, in run
self.build_sources()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 164, in build_sources
self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 299, in build_library_sources
sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 386, in generate_sources
source = func(extension, build_dir)
File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 674, in get_mathlib_info
raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")
RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Running from numpy source directory.
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg'
F2PY Version 2
blas_opt_info:
blas_mkl_info:
libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
openblas_info:
libraries openblas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_info:
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1522: UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_info:
libraries blas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1531: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
the BLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1534: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
NOT AVAILABLE
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/lib': 'benchmarks'
lapack_opt_info:
lapack_mkl_info:
mkl_info:
libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_info:
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1428: UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
lapack_info:
libraries lapack not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1439: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
the LAPACK environment variable.
warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)
lapack_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1442: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
NOT AVAILABLE
/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
warnings.warn(msg)
running egg_info
running build_src
build_src
building py_modules sources
creating build
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy/distutils
building library "npymath" sources
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Could not locate executable gfortran
Could not locate executable f95
customize IntelFCompiler
Could not locate executable ifort
Could not locate executable ifc
customize LaheyFCompiler
Could not locate executable lf95
customize PGroupFCompiler
Could not locate executable pgfortran
customize AbsoftFCompiler
Could not locate executable f90
Could not locate executable f77
customize NAGFCompiler
customize VastFCompiler
customize CompaqFCompiler
Could not locate executable fort
customize IntelItaniumFCompiler
Could not locate executable efort
Could not locate executable efc
customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
customize GnuFCompiler
Could not locate executable g77
customize G95FCompiler
Could not locate executable g95
customize PathScaleFCompiler
Could not locate executable pathf95
don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'
C compiler: gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC
compile options: '-Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -Inumpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c'
gcc: _configtest.c
sh: 1: gcc: not found
sh: 1: gcc: not found
failure.
removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 192, in <module>
setup_package()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 185, in setup_package
configuration=configuration )
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup
return old_setup(**new_attr)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/egg_info.py", line 10, in run
self.run_command("build_src")
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 153, in run
self.build_sources()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 164, in build_sources
self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 299, in build_library_sources
sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 386, in generate_sources
source = func(extension, build_dir)
File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 674, in get_mathlib_info
raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")
RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Removing temporary dir /tmp/pip_build_root...
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 134, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 236, in run
requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1134, in prepare_files
req_to_install.run_egg_info()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 259, in run_egg_info
command_desc='python setup.py egg_info')
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/util.py", line 670, in call_subprocess
% (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy
I have no idea what I need to do to fix this. Eventually I would be able to put all dependencies that I need in a requirements.txtfile, so that I can install devendencies in a virtualenv. With that in mind, I would prefer a solution that uses pipas opposed to apt-getor installing from source.
我不知道我需要做什么来解决这个问题。最终我将能够将我需要的所有依赖项放在一个requirements.txt文件中，以便我可以在virtualenv. 考虑到这一点，我更喜欢使用pip而不是apt-get从源代码安装的解决方案。
采纳答案by falsetru
It seems like your system does not have gcc.
你的系统好像没有gcc。
Install build tools using following command:
使用以下命令安装构建工具：
apt-get install build-essential python-dev
回答by falsetru
pipwon't install the necessary compilers for you.
pip不会为您安装必要的编译器。
If you simply want numpy, and don't need to go through pip, use
如果您只是想要 numpy，并且不需要通过 pip，请使用
sudo apt-get install python-numpy
and you'll get all the requisites as well (such as python-dev).
并且您还将获得所有必要条件（例如python-dev）。
回答by YXD
Some of these packages may not be required (don't have time to check in detail) but in a setup script of mine to install the NumPy stack I install the following Ubuntu packages first:
其中一些软件包可能不是必需的（没有时间详细检查），但在我安装 NumPy 堆栈的安装脚本中，我首先安装了以下 Ubuntu 软件包：
- build-essential
- gfortran
- libatlas-base-dev
- libatlas3gf-base
- python-dev
- libjpeg-dev
- libxml2-dev
- libfreetype6-dev
- libpng-dev
Otherwise you could simply use the Anaconda Python distribution, which works great.
否则，您可以简单地使用 Anaconda Python 发行版，它效果很好。
回答by yunus
I used to get almost same type of errors but solved it using a virtual environment. There are many environments but I personally suggest venv.
我曾经遇到过几乎相同类型的错误，但使用虚拟环境解决了它。有很多环境，但我个人建议 venv。
I was able to easily get rid of the errors using venv.
我能够使用 venv 轻松摆脱错误。
It is because loading all libraries on OS using sudois not appropriate.
Your OS becomes big and gives unwanted errors.
这是因为在 OS 上使用加载所有库sudo是不合适的。您的操作系统变大并出现不必要的错误。
回答by Kiran Ramamurthy
Incase you do not have access to any internet, then try downloading its dependencies too manually like intel_Openmp, MKL,MKL_include and MKL-devel first and then install numpy
如果您无法访问任何互联网，请尝试手动下载其依赖项，例如 intel_Openmp、MKL、MKL_include 和 MKL-devel，然后安装 numpy
