使用 Git 时如何解决“错误：索引错误 – 致命：索引文件损坏”

How to resolve "Error: bad index – Fatal: index file corrupt" when using Git

提问by Number8

After git init, I added and committed a few files, made some changes, added and committed. Set up the git daemon (running under Cygwin on WinXP) and cloned the repository once. Now, I get this error with the cloned repository:

之后git init，我添加并提交了一些文件，进行了一些更改，添加并提交。设置 git 守护进程（在 WinXP 上的 Cygwin 下运行）并克隆一次存储库。现在，我在克隆的存储库中收到此错误：

$ git status
error: bad index file sha1 signature
fatal: index file corrupt

Is there any way to fix this, other than getting a new copy of the repository?

除了获取存储库的新副本之外，还有什么方法可以解决此问题？

回答by Jakub Nar?bski

If the problem is with the index as the staging area for commits(i.e. .git/index), you can simply remove the index (make a backup copy if you want), and then restore index to version in the last commit:

如果问题是索引作为提交的暂存区（即.git/index），您可以简单地删除索引（如果需要，请制作备份副本），然后将索引恢复到上次提交中的版本：

On OSX/Linux:

在 OSX/Linux 上：

rm -f .git/index
git reset

On Windows:

在 Windows 上：

del .git\index
git reset

(The resetcommand above is the same as git reset --mixed HEAD)

（reset上面的命令与 相同 git reset --mixed HEAD）

You can alternatively use lower level plumbinggit read-treeinstead of git reset.

您也可以使用较低级别的管道git read-tree代替git reset.

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If the problem is with index for packfile, you can recover it using git index-pack.

如果问题出在packfile 的索引上，您可以使用git index-pack.

回答by hobs

You may have accidentally corrupted the .git/index file with a sed on your project root (refactoring perhaps?) with something like:

您可能不小心使用项目根目录上的 sed 损坏了 .git/index 文件（可能是重构？），例如：

sed -ri -e "s/$SEACHPATTERN/$REPLACEMENTTEXT/g" $(grep -Elr "$SEARCHPATERN" "$PROJECTROOT")

to avoid this in the future, just ignore binary files with your grep/sed:

为避免将来发生这种情况，只需忽略带有 grep/sed 的二进制文件：

sed -ri -e "s/$SEACHPATTERN/$REPLACEMENTTEXT/g" $(grep -Elr --binary-files=without-match "$SEARCHPATERN" "$PROJECTROOT")

回答by Cleiton Almeida

I had that problem, and I try ti fix with this:

我遇到了这个问题，我尝试解决这个问题：

rm -f .git/index
git reset

BUT it did not work. The solution? For some reason I had others .git folders in sub directories. I delete those .git folders (not the principal) and git resetagain. Once they were deleted, everything worked again.

但它没有用。解决办法？出于某种原因，我在子目录中有其他 .git 文件夹。我git reset一次又一次地删除那些 .git 文件夹（不是主体）。一旦它们被删除，一切又恢复了。

回答by Gav

This sounds like a bad clone. You could try the following to get (possibly?) more information:

这听起来像一个糟糕的克隆。您可以尝试以下操作来获取（可能？）更多信息：

git fsck --full

回答by eskimwier

Since the above solutions left me with continued problems, I used this dull solution:

由于上述解决方案给我留下了持续的问题，我使用了这个乏味的解决方案：

1. clone a new copy of the repo elsewhere
2. copy the fresh .git directory into the (broken) repo that contained the changes I wanted to commit

1. 在别处克隆 repo 的新副本
2. 将新的 .git 目录复制到包含我想要提交的更改的（损坏的）存储库中

Did the trick. Btw, I did a sedon the project root as @hobs guessed. Learned my lesson.

做到了。顺便说一句，sed正如@hobs 猜测的那样，我在项目根目录上做了一个。吸取了我的教训。

回答by Eighty

This worked for me. Although i'm curious of the reason I started getting the errors in the first place. When I logged out yesterday, it was fine. Log in this morning, it wasn't.

这对我有用。虽然我很好奇我首先开始收到错误的原因。当我昨天注销时，一切正常。今天早上登录，它不是。

rm .git/index

git reset

回答by jenming

Note for git submodule users - the solutions here will not work for you as-is.

请注意 git 子模块用户 - 此处的解决方案不适用于您。

Let's say you have a parent repository called dev, for example, and your submodule repository is called api.

dev例如，假设您有一个名为 的父存储库，并且您的子模块存储库名为api。

if you are inside of apiand you get the error mentioned in this question:

如果你在里面api并且你得到这个问题中提到的错误：

error: bad index file sha1 signature fatal: index file corrupt

error: bad index file sha1 signature fatal: index file corrupt

The indexfile will NOT be inside of a .gitfolder. In fact, the .gitwon't even be a folder - it will will be a text document with the location of the real .git data for this repository. Likely something like this:

该index文件不会在.git文件夹内。事实上，.git它甚至不会是一个文件夹——它将是一个文本文档，其中包含此存储库的真实 .git 数据的位置。可能是这样的：

~/dev/api $ cat .git gitdir: ../.git/modules/api

~/dev/api $ cat .git gitdir: ../.git/modules/api

So, instead of rm -f .git/index, you will need to do this:

因此，rm -f .git/index您需要执行以下操作，而不是：

rm -f ../.git/modules/api/index git reset

rm -f ../.git/modules/api/index git reset

or, more generally,

或者，更一般地说，

rm -f ../.git/modules/INSERT_YOUR_REPO_NAME_HERE/index git reset

rm -f ../.git/modules/INSERT_YOUR_REPO_NAME_HERE/index git reset

回答by Nick Kuijpers

This issue can occur when there is a .gitdirectory underneath one of the subdirectories. To fix it, check if there are other .git directories there, and remove them and try again.

当其中一个.git子目录下有一个目录时，可能会发生此问题。要修复它，请检查那里是否还有其他 .git 目录，然后删除它们并重试。

回答by Astra Uvarova - Saturn's star

I did a simple trick. I clone the repo to a new folder. Copied the .git folder from the new folder to repo's old folder, replacing .git there.

我做了一个简单的技巧。我将 repo 克隆到一个新文件夹。将 .git 文件夹从新文件夹复制到 repo 的旧文件夹，替换那里的 .git。

回答by Christopher Shaw

rm -f .git/index
git reset

More info at https://www.chris-shaw.com/blog/quick-fix-for-git-corrupt-index

更多信息请访问https://www.chris-shaw.com/blog/quick-fix-for-git-corrupt-index