C++ photoshop 如何将两个图像融合在一起？
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How does photoshop blend two images together?
提问by Nathan Moinvaziri
Can somebody please explain how Photoshop blends two images together so that I may reproduce the same effects in my application.
有人可以解释一下 Photoshop 如何将两个图像混合在一起，以便我可以在我的应用程序中重现相同的效果。
回答by Nathan Moinvaziri
Photoshop blends two images together by performing a blend operation on each pixel in image A against its corresponding pixel in image B. Each pixel is a color consisting of multiple channels. Assuming we are working with RGB pixels, the channels in each pixel would be red, green and blue. To blend two pixels we blend their respective channels.
Photoshop 通过对图像 A 中的每个像素与图像 B 中的相应像素执行混合操作来将两个图像混合在一起。每个像素都是由多个通道组成的颜色。假设我们使用 RGB 像素，每个像素中的通道将是红色、绿色和蓝色。为了混合两个像素，我们混合了它们各自的通道。
The blend operation that occurs for each blend mode in Photoshop can be summed up in the following macros:
Photoshop 中每种混合模式发生的混合操作可以总结为以下宏：
#define ChannelBlend_Normal(A,B) ((uint8)(A))
#define ChannelBlend_Lighten(A,B) ((uint8)((B > A) ? B:A))
#define ChannelBlend_Darken(A,B) ((uint8)((B > A) ? A:B))
#define ChannelBlend_Multiply(A,B) ((uint8)((A * B) / 255))
#define ChannelBlend_Average(A,B) ((uint8)((A + B) / 2))
#define ChannelBlend_Add(A,B) ((uint8)(min(255, (A + B))))
#define ChannelBlend_Subtract(A,B) ((uint8)((A + B < 255) ? 0:(A + B - 255)))
#define ChannelBlend_Difference(A,B) ((uint8)(abs(A - B)))
#define ChannelBlend_Negation(A,B) ((uint8)(255 - abs(255 - A - B)))
#define ChannelBlend_Screen(A,B) ((uint8)(255 - (((255 - A) * (255 - B)) >> 8)))
#define ChannelBlend_Exclusion(A,B) ((uint8)(A + B - 2 * A * B / 255))
#define ChannelBlend_Overlay(A,B) ((uint8)((B < 128) ? (2 * A * B / 255):(255 - 2 * (255 - A) * (255 - B) / 255)))
#define ChannelBlend_SoftLight(A,B) ((uint8)((B < 128)?(2*((A>>1)+64))*((float)B/255):(255-(2*(255-((A>>1)+64))*(float)(255-B)/255))))
#define ChannelBlend_HardLight(A,B) (ChannelBlend_Overlay(B,A))
#define ChannelBlend_ColorDodge(A,B) ((uint8)((B == 255) ? B:min(255, ((A << 8 ) / (255 - B)))))
#define ChannelBlend_ColorBurn(A,B) ((uint8)((B == 0) ? B:max(0, (255 - ((255 - A) << 8 ) / B))))
#define ChannelBlend_LinearDodge(A,B)(ChannelBlend_Add(A,B))
#define ChannelBlend_LinearBurn(A,B) (ChannelBlend_Subtract(A,B))
#define ChannelBlend_LinearLight(A,B)((uint8)(B < 128)?ChannelBlend_LinearBurn(A,(2 * B)):ChannelBlend_LinearDodge(A,(2 * (B - 128))))
#define ChannelBlend_VividLight(A,B) ((uint8)(B < 128)?ChannelBlend_ColorBurn(A,(2 * B)):ChannelBlend_ColorDodge(A,(2 * (B - 128))))
#define ChannelBlend_PinLight(A,B) ((uint8)(B < 128)?ChannelBlend_Darken(A,(2 * B)):ChannelBlend_Lighten(A,(2 * (B - 128))))
#define ChannelBlend_HardMix(A,B) ((uint8)((ChannelBlend_VividLight(A,B) < 128) ? 0:255))
#define ChannelBlend_Reflect(A,B) ((uint8)((B == 255) ? B:min(255, (A * A / (255 - B)))))
#define ChannelBlend_Glow(A,B) (ChannelBlend_Reflect(B,A))
#define ChannelBlend_Phoenix(A,B) ((uint8)(min(A,B) - max(A,B) + 255))
#define ChannelBlend_Alpha(A,B,O) ((uint8)(O * A + (1 - O) * B))
#define ChannelBlend_AlphaF(A,B,F,O) (ChannelBlend_Alpha(F(A,B),A,O))
To blend a single RGB pixel you would do the following:
要混合单个 RGB 像素，您可以执行以下操作：
ImageTColorR = ChannelBlend_Glow(ImageAColorR, ImageBColorR);
ImageTColorB = ChannelBlend_Glow(ImageAColorB, ImageBColorB);
ImageTColorG = ChannelBlend_Glow(ImageAColorG, ImageBColorG);
ImageTColor = RGB(ImageTColorR, ImageTColorB, ImageTColorG);
If we wanted to perform a blend operation with a particular opacity, say 50%:
如果我们想以特定的不透明度执行混合操作，比如 50%：
ImageTColorR = ChannelBlend_AlphaF(ImageAColorR, ImageBColorR, Blend_Subtract, 0.5F);
If you have pointers to the image data for images A, B, and T (our target), we can simplify the blending of all three channels using this macro:
如果您有指向图像 A、B 和 T（我们的目标）的图像数据的指针，我们可以使用此宏简化所有三个通道的混合：
#define ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,M) (T)[0] = ChannelBlend_##M((A)[0], (B)[0]),
(T)[1] = ChannelBlend_##M((A)[1], (B)[1]),
(T)[2] = ChannelBlend_##M((A)[2], (B)[2])
And can derive the following RGB color blend macros:
并且可以导出以下RGB混色宏：
#define ColorBlend_Normal(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Normal))
#define ColorBlend_Lighten(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Lighten))
#define ColorBlend_Darken(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Darken))
#define ColorBlend_Multiply(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Multiply))
#define ColorBlend_Average(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Average))
#define ColorBlend_Add(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Add))
#define ColorBlend_Subtract(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Subtract))
#define ColorBlend_Difference(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Difference))
#define ColorBlend_Negation(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Negation))
#define ColorBlend_Screen(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Screen))
#define ColorBlend_Exclusion(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Exclusion))
#define ColorBlend_Overlay(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Overlay))
#define ColorBlend_SoftLight(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,SoftLight))
#define ColorBlend_HardLight(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,HardLight))
#define ColorBlend_ColorDodge(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,ColorDodge))
#define ColorBlend_ColorBurn(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,ColorBurn))
#define ColorBlend_LinearDodge(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,LinearDodge))
#define ColorBlend_LinearBurn(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,LinearBurn))
#define ColorBlend_LinearLight(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,LinearLight))
#define ColorBlend_VividLight(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,VividLight))
#define ColorBlend_PinLight(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,PinLight))
#define ColorBlend_HardMix(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,HardMix))
#define ColorBlend_Reflect(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Reflect))
#define ColorBlend_Glow(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Glow))
#define ColorBlend_Phoenix(T,A,B) (ColorBlend_Buffer(T,A,B,Phoenix))
And example would be:
例如：
ColorBlend_Glow(TargetPtr, ImageAPtr, ImageBPtr);
The remainder of the photoshop blend modes involve converting RGB to HLS and back again.
Photoshop 混合模式的其余部分涉及将 RGB 转换为 HLS，然后再转换回来。
#define ColorBlend_Hue(T,A,B) ColorBlend_Hls(T,A,B,HueB,LuminationA,SaturationA)
#define ColorBlend_Saturation(T,A,B) ColorBlend_Hls(T,A,B,HueA,LuminationA,SaturationB)
#define ColorBlend_Color(T,A,B) ColorBlend_Hls(T,A,B,HueB,LuminationA,SaturationB)
#define ColorBlend_Luminosity(T,A,B) ColorBlend_Hls(T,A,B,HueA,LuminationB,SaturationA)
#define ColorBlend_Hls(T,A,B,O1,O2,O3) {
float64 HueA, LuminationA, SaturationA;
float64 HueB, LuminationB, SaturationL;
Color_RgbToHls((A)[2],(A)[1],(A)[0], &HueA, &LuminationA, &SaturationA);
Color_RgbToHls((B)[2],(B)[1],(B)[0], &HueB, &LuminationB, &SaturationB);
Color_HlsToRgb(O1,O2,O3,&(T)[2],&(T)[1],&(T)[0]);
}
These functions will be helpful in converting RGB to HLS.
这些函数将有助于将 RGB 转换为 HLS。
int32 Color_HueToRgb(float64 M1, float64 M2, float64 Hue, float64 *Channel)
{
if (Hue < 0.0)
Hue += 1.0;
else if (Hue > 1.0)
Hue -= 1.0;
if ((6.0 * Hue) < 1.0)
*Channel = (M1 + (M2 - M1) * Hue * 6.0);
else if ((2.0 * Hue) < 1.0)
*Channel = (M2);
else if ((3.0 * Hue) < 2.0)
*Channel = (M1 + (M2 - M1) * ((2.0F / 3.0F) - Hue) * 6.0);
else
*Channel = (M1);
return TRUE;
}
int32 Color_RgbToHls(uint8 Red, uint8 Green, uint8 Blue, float64 *Hue, float64 *Lumination, float64 *Saturation)
{
float64 Delta;
float64 Max, Min;
float64 Redf, Greenf, Bluef;
Redf = ((float64)Red / 255.0F);
Greenf = ((float64)Green / 255.0F);
Bluef = ((float64)Blue / 255.0F);
Max = max(max(Redf, Greenf), Bluef);
Min = min(min(Redf, Greenf), Bluef);
*Hue = 0;
*Lumination = (Max + Min) / 2.0F;
*Saturation = 0;
if (Max == Min)
return TRUE;
Delta = (Max - Min);
if (*Lumination < 0.5)
*Saturation = Delta / (Max + Min);
else
*Saturation = Delta / (2.0 - Max - Min);
if (Redf == Max)
*Hue = (Greenf - Bluef) / Delta;
else if (Greenf == Max)
*Hue = 2.0 + (Bluef - Redf) / Delta;
else
*Hue = 4.0 + (Redf - Greenf) / Delta;
*Hue /= 6.0;
if (*Hue < 0.0)
*Hue += 1.0;
return TRUE;
}
int32 Color_HlsToRgb(float64 Hue, float64 Lumination, float64 Saturation, uint8 *Red, uint8 *Green, uint8 *Blue)
{
float64 M1, M2;
float64 Redf, Greenf, Bluef;
if (Saturation == 0)
{
Redf = Lumination;
Greenf = Lumination;
Bluef = Lumination;
}
else
{
if (Lumination <= 0.5)
M2 = Lumination * (1.0 + Saturation);
else
M2 = Lumination + Saturation - Lumination * Saturation;
M1 = (2.0 * Lumination - M2);
Color_HueToRgb(M1, M2, Hue + (1.0F / 3.0F), &Redf);
Color_HueToRgb(M1, M2, Hue, &Greenf);
Color_HueToRgb(M1, M2, Hue - (1.0F / 3.0F), &Bluef);
}
*Red = (uint8)(Redf * 255);
*Blue = (uint8)(Bluef * 255);
*Green = (uint8)(Greenf * 255);
return TRUE;
}
There are more resources on this topic, mainly:
关于这个主题有更多资源，主要是：
回答by Jon Gilkison
The Hue, Color, Saturation blending modes in this answer are wrong. No Adobe product converts to HSB, they do the operation directly on RGB values.
此答案中的色相、颜色、饱和度混合模式是错误的。没有 Adobe 产品转换为 HSB，它们直接对 RGB 值进行操作。
Here's the GLSL for setting luminosity, for example:
这是用于设置亮度的 GLSL，例如：
float lum(vec4 color)
{
return ((0.3 * color.r) + (0.59 * color.g) + (0.11 * color.b));
}
vec4 clipColor(vec4 color)
{
vec4 newColor=color;
float l=lum(color);
float n=min(min(color.r,color.g),color.b);
float x=max(max(color.r,color.g),color.b);
newColor.r=(n<0.0) ? l+(((color.r-l)*l)/(l-n)) : color.r;
newColor.r=(x>1.0) ? l+(((color.r-l)*(1.0-l))/(x-l)) : color.r;
newColor.g=(n<0.0) ? l+(((color.g-l)*l)/(l-n)) : color.g;
newColor.g=(x>1.0) ? l+(((color.g-l)*(1.0-l))/(x-l)) : color.g;
newColor.b=(n<0.0) ? l+(((color.b-l)*l)/(l-n)) : color.b;
newColor.b=(x>1.0) ? l+(((color.b-l)*(1.0-l))/(x-l)) : color.b;
return clamp(newColor,0.0,1.0);
}
vec4 setlum(vec4 color, float l)
{
float d=l-lum(color);
color.r+=d;
color.g+=d;
color.b+=d;
return clipColor(color);
}
kernel vec4 blendLuminosity(sampler topimage, sampler bottomimage)
{
vec4 base=sample(bottomimage, samplerCoord(bottomimage));
vec4 blend=sample(topimage, samplerCoord(topimage));
float bl=lum(blend);
return setlum(base,bl);
}
No support for if .. else statements in CIKernels, hence the use of ternary operators.
CIKernels 中不支持 if .. else 语句，因此使用了三元运算符。
回答by Wagner Patriota
The popular answer is 99.9% correct, but as Greyfriars said, it won't get the exact result because Adobe doesn't use HLS any moment in the blending.
流行的答案是 99.9% 正确，但正如 Greyfriars 所说，它不会得到确切的结果，因为 Adobe 在混合中的任何时候都不使用 HLS。
But you don't need to be working at Adobe in order to do that... you can reach exactly the same blending following all the rules here in this document from Adobe:
但是你不需要在 Adobe 工作才能做到这一点......你可以按照 Adobe 这份文档中的所有规则达到完全相同的混合：
basically chapters 4 and 7:http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/pdf/PDFReference.pdf
基本上是第 4 章和第 7 章：http : //partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/pdf/PDFReference.pdf
Then you will reach the exact result just like Adobe does! Pixel by Pixel!
然后您将获得与 Adobe 一样的准确结果！逐像素！
回答by Greyfriars Bobby
While the popular answer is mostly correct, the following statement is wrong. "The remainder of the photoshop blend modes involve converting RGB to HLS and back again." No, Photoshop (and only Photoshop) uses Chroma and Luma instead of HLS.
虽然流行的答案大部分是正确的，但以下陈述是错误的。“其余的 Photoshop 混合模式涉及将 RGB 转换为 HLS，然后再转换回来。” 不，Photoshop（并且只有 Photoshop）使用色度和亮度而不是 HLS。
So for Hue, Color, Luminosity and Saturation modes, you can't use simple algorithms. To match Photoshop's method in these cases, you need to be working for Adobe.
因此对于色调、颜色、亮度和饱和度模式，您不能使用简单的算法。要在这些情况下匹配 Photoshop 的方法，您需要为 Adobe 工作。
