Windows 开箱即用支持的语言
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Languages that Windows supports out of the box
提问by Tom
I have been asked to write a (very) simple program for a set of Windows machines (XP I think) - so simple that the choice of language isn't really an issue. However, I want to be able to distribute a binary/script that will run straight away on the Windows machine, without the need to pre-install any interpretor or virtual machine. I'm developing on a Linux machine and I have no idea what languages Windows supports 'out of the box'. Can anyone advise?
我被要求为一组 Windows 机器（我认为是 XP）编写一个（非常）简单的程序 - 如此简单以至于语言的选择并不是真正的问题。但是，我希望能够分发可以直接在 Windows 机器上运行的二进制文件/脚本，而无需预先安装任何解释器或虚拟机。我正在 Linux 机器上开发，我不知道 Windows 支持哪些语言“开箱即用”。任何人都可以建议吗？
For example
例如
- Perl would be great but I don't believe windows machines come with Perl pre-installed? Asking the user to install Perl to use my script is not acceptable.
- I believe Python has the same problem? (although maybe I can use the PyInstaller? -- as in this question)
- Likewise Java? Is the virtual machine pre-installed on most Windows distributions? (I understand it got removed after a dispute with Sun Microsystems?)
- Perl 会很棒，但我不相信 Windows 机器预装了 Perl？要求用户安装 Perl 以使用我的脚本是不可接受的。
- 我相信 Python 也有同样的问题？（虽然也许我可以使用 PyInstaller？ -就像在这个问题中一样）
- 同样是Java？大多数 Windows 发行版中是否预装了虚拟机？（我知道它在与 Sun Microsystems 发生争执后被删除了？）
The only option I can think of so far is
到目前为止我能想到的唯一选择是
- c/c++ with MinGW cross-compiler.
- c/c++ 与 MinGW 交叉编译器。
While I'm happy to write the code in c++, I wanted to check my language options first.
虽然我很高兴用 C++ 编写代码，但我想先检查我的语言选项。
采纳答案by David Heffernan
The only scripting languages supported out of the box are the batch interpreter, vbscript and jscript. Other than that you are into compiled languages. A good option could be C# but make sure you target the .net version that shipped with XP.
唯一支持的脚本语言是批处理解释器、vbscript 和 jscript。除此之外，您正在使用编译语言。一个不错的选择可能是 C#，但请确保您的目标是 XP 附带的 .net 版本。
回答by Marco van de Voort
Delphi and Lazarus/FreePascal generate native applications that don't even need on MSVCRT
Delphi 和 Lazarus/FreePascal 生成甚至不需要在 MSVCRT 上的本机应用程序
Some of the other systems have requirements on relatively new MSVCRT versions that might be a burden on older windows versions.
其他一些系统对相对较新的 MSVCRT 版本有要求，这可能是旧 Windows 版本的负担。
However recent Lazarus and Delphi versions stop supporting windows NT4 and Win9x, with win2000 in a gray area (not supported but works afaik)
然而最近的 Lazarus 和 Delphi 版本停止支持 windows NT4 和 Win9x，win2000 处于灰色区域（不支持但可以正常工作）
Having an internal win32/64 linker makes it also an excellent choice for crosscompiling from *nix to Windows.
拥有一个内部的 win32/64 链接器使它也是从 *nix 到 Windows 交叉编译的绝佳选择。
回答by Dragi
I don't think that Java comes pre-installed on Windows.
我不认为 Java 是预装在 Windows 上的。
I'm not using Windows for some years now, but if I correctly remember you can develop scripts with VBScript or JScript and deploy them without need for clients to install anything.
我已经有几年不使用 Windows 了，但如果我没记错的话，您可以使用 VBScript 或 JScript 开发脚本并部署它们，而无需客户端安装任何东西。
回答by Ramon Snir
Any language which compiled to pure native assembly (without special run-time dependencies) should be fine. For example: many C variations (but not all), Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual Basic 6, OCaml, Haskell and more.
任何编译为纯本机程序集（没有特殊运行时依赖项）的语言都应该没问题。例如：许多 C 变体（但不是全部）、Microsoft Visual C++、Microsoft Visual Basic 6、OCaml、Haskell 等等。
Requiring the .NET Framework (which gives you also C#, VB.NET and F#) is reasonable, and also JVM is pretty standard (and so you get Java, Closure and Scala).
需要 .NET Framework（它还为您提供 C#、VB.NET 和 F#）是合理的，而且 JVM 也是非常标准的（因此您可以获得 Java、Closure 和 Scala）。
