如何使用Perl使批处理文件像简单的grep一样工作?

时间:2020-03-06 14:28:04  来源:igfitidea点击:

我已经知道了这个问题的明显答案:"只需下载<在此处插入喜欢的Windows grep或者类似grep的工具>"。但是,我在一个本地IT员工严格控制的环境中工作,以允许我们在计算机上拥有什么。可以这么说:我可以在Windows XP上访问Perl。这是我想到的一个快速的Perl脚本,它可以满足我的要求,但是我还没有弄清楚如何设置批处理文件,这样我就可以将命令输出通过管道传递到其中,或者传递文件(或者文件列表) ?)作为" grep表达式"之后的参数:

perl -n -e "print $_ if (m![expression]!);" [filename]

我如何编写可以执行类似操作的批处理脚本,例如:

dir | grep.bat mypattern
grep.bat mypattern myfile.txt

编辑:即使我标记了另一个"答案",我也想对Ray Hayes的答案表示敬意,因为这实际上是执行此操作的" Windows方式",即使另一个答案在技术上更接近我想要的。

解决方案

grep的大多数功能已在计算机上的Windows应用程序FindStr.exe中提供,该应用程序是所有Windows 2000,XP和Vista计算机的一部分!它提供RegExpr等。

比批处理文件要容易得多,后者又会调用Perl!

c:\>FindStr /?    
Searches for strings in files.

FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file]
        [/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]]
        strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]

  /B         Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line.
  /E         Matches pattern if at the end of a line.
  /L         Uses search strings literally.
  /R         Uses search strings as regular expressions.
  /S         Searches for matching files in the current directory and all
             subdirectories.
  /I         Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive.
  /X         Prints lines that match exactly.
  /V         Prints only lines that do not contain a match.
  /N         Prints the line number before each line that matches.
  /M         Prints only the filename if a file contains a match.
  /O         Prints character offset before each matching line.
  /P         Skip files with non-printable characters.
  /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.
  /A:attr    Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?"
  /F:file    Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console).
  /C:string  Uses specified string as a literal search string.
  /G:file    Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console).
  /D:dir     Search a semicolon delimited list of directories
  strings    Text to be searched for.
  [drive:][path]filename
             Specifies a file or files to search.

Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed
with /C.  For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or
"there" in file x.y.  'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for
"hello there" in file x.y.

Regular expression quick reference:
  .        Wildcard: any character
  *        Repeat: zero or more occurances of previous character or class
  ^        Line position: beginning of line
  $        Line position: end of line
  [class]  Character class: any one character in set
  [^class] Inverse class: any one character not in set
  [x-y]    Range: any characters within the specified range
  \x       Escape: literal use of metacharacter x
  \<xyz    Word position: beginning of word
  xyz\>    Word position: end of word

我们需要执行以下操作:

@echo off
perl -x -S script.pl %1

"%1"将参数传递给Perl脚本。将其另存为.bat文件,一切顺利。

我前一段时间写了这个:

@rem = '--*-Perl-*--
@echo off
perl -x -S %0 %*
goto endofperl

@rem -- BEGIN PERL -- ';
#!d:/Perl/bin/perl.exe -w
#line 10
use strict; 
#use Test::Setup;
use Getopt::Long;

Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling");

my $ignore_case    = 0;
my $number_line    = 0;
my $invert_results = 0;
my $verbose        = 0;

my $result = GetOptions( 
    'i|ignore_case' => $ignore_case, 
    'n|number'      => $number_line,
    'v|invert'      => $invert_results,
    'verbose'       => $verbose,
);
my $regex = shift;

if ( $ignore_case ) { 
    $regex = "(?i:$regex)";
}
$regex = qr/$regex/;
print "$regex=$regex\n";
if ( $verbose ) { 
    print "Verbose: Ignoring case.\n"                      if $ignore_case;
    print "Verbose: Printing file name and line number.\n" if $number_line;
    print "Verbose: Inverting result set.\n"               if $invert_results;
    print "\n";
}

@ARGV = map { glob "$_" } @ARGV;

while ( <> ) { 
    my $matches = m/$regex/;
    next unless $matches ^ $invert_results;
    print "$ARGV\:$.:" if $number_line;
    print;
}

__END__
:endofperl

我同意Axeman和Hayes先生关于为工作使用更好的工具的意见。也就是说,我们可以在批处理文件中尝试类似的操作,以对文件通配符表达式运行自定义脚本:

@echo off

for /f "usebackq delims==" %%f in (`dir /w /b %2`) do (
    perl -n -e "print $_ if (m!%1!);" "%%f"
    REM or something like:  myperlscript.pl %1 "%%f"
)

这样,我们可以执行" grep mypattern myfile.txt"," grep mypattern。"," grep mypattern * .doc"等操作。

下载并安装ack。它是grep的替代品,并且由于Perl的魔术双模式.BAT / Perl脚本魔术,它将在命令行上为我们工作。

首先,将其变成一个真实的脚本,而不是单行代码:

use strict;
use warnings;

my $pattern = shift or die "Usage: 
pl2bat mygrep.pl
<pattern> [files|-]\n"; while (<>) { print if /$pattern/ }

然后使用pl2bat将其转换为批处理文件:

##代码##

这将创建" mygrep.bat"。

有关完全用Perl编写的功能齐全的grep(以及许多其他Unix应用程序),请参见Perl Power Tools项目。

如果我们只能运行Perl,虽然Perl Power Tools很好,但我通常更喜欢GnuWin32工具集。他们不需要安装。 (我们不需要管理特权,只需一个目录即可写入。)