C++ 如何修复“<hash_map> 已弃用并将被删除。请使用 <unordered_map>”？
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How to fix "<hash_map> is deprecated and will be REMOVED. Please use <unordered_map>"?
提问by DarkEddy
I am learning C++ so I am working through the book Programming: Principles and Practice using C++.
我正在学习 C++，所以我正在阅读编程：使用 C++ 的原则和实践这本书。
I am on the first drill, which is how to make a 'Hello, World!' program using Microsoft Visual Studio 2015. I have used the source code as provided in the book.
我在第一次练习，这是如何制作“你好，世界！” 程序使用 Microsoft Visual Studio 2015。我使用了书中提供的源代码。
#include "../../std_lib_facilities.h" //header file recommended by book
int main() //C++ programs start by executing the function main
{
cout <<"Hello, World!\n"; //output "Hello, World!"
keep_window_open(); //wait for a character to be entered
return 0;
}
However, I receive two errors when I try to build an executable program which are as follows:
但是，当我尝试构建可执行程序时收到两个错误，如下所示：
IntelliSense: static assertion failed with "<hash_map> is
deprecated and will be REMOVED. Please use <unordered_map>. You can define
_SILENCE_STDEXT_HASH_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS to acknowledge that you have
received this warning."
Project: Hello, World!
c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\hash_map
Line 14
Error C2338 <hash_map> is deprecated and will be REMOVED. Please use
<unordered_map>. You can define _SILENCE_STDEXT_HASH_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS to
acknowledge that you have received this warning.
Project: Hello, World!
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 14.0\vc\include\hash_map
Line 17
Could you explain to me how I can rectify this?
你能向我解释一下我该如何纠正这个问题吗？
The code in the std_lib_facilities.h is as follows:
std_lib_facilities.h 中的代码如下：
/*
simple "Programming: Principles and Practice using C++" course header to
be used for the first few weeks.
It provides the most common standard headers (in the global namespace)
and minimal exception/error support.
Students: please don't try to understand the details of headers just yet.
All will be explained. This header is primarily used so that you don't have
to understand every concept all at once.
Revised April 25, 2010: simple_error() added
*/
#ifndef H112
#define H112 201004L
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<string>
#include<list>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<stdexcept>
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <hash_map>
using stdext::hash_map;
#else
#include <ext/hash_map>
using __gnu_cxx::hash_map;
namespace __gnu_cxx {
template<> struct hash<std::string>
{
size_t operator()(const std::string& s) const
{
return hash<char*>()(s.c_str());
}
};
} // of namespace __gnu_cxx
#endif
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
#define unordered_map hash_map
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
typedef long Unicode;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
using namespace std;
template<class T> string to_string(const T& t)
{
ostringstream os;
os << t;
return os.str();
}
struct Range_error : out_of_range { // enhanced vector range error reporting
int index;
Range_error(int i) :out_of_range("Range error: "+to_string(i)), index(i) { }
};
// trivially range-checked vector (no iterator checking):
template< class T> struct Vector : public std::vector<T> {
typedef typename std::vector<T>::size_type size_type;
Vector() { }
explicit Vector(size_type n) :std::vector<T>(n) {}
Vector(size_type n, const T& v) :std::vector<T>(n,v) {}
template <class I>
Vector(I first, I last) :std::vector<T>(first,last) {}
T& operator[](unsigned int i) // rather than return at(i);
{
if (i<0||this->size()<=i) throw Range_error(i);
return std::vector<T>::operator[](i);
}
const T& operator[](unsigned int i) const
{
if (i<0||this->size()<=i) throw Range_error(i);
return std::vector<T>::operator[](i);
}
};
// disgusting macro hack to get a range checked vector:
#define vector Vector
// trivially range-checked string (no iterator checking):
struct String : std::string {
String() { }
String(const char* p) :std::string(p) {}
String(const string& s) :std::string(s) {}
template<class S> String(S s) :std::string(s) {}
String(int sz, char val) :std::string(sz,val) {}
template<class Iter> String(Iter p1, Iter p2) : std::string(p1,p2) { }
char& operator[](unsigned int i) // rather than return at(i);
{
if (i<0||size()<=i) throw Range_error(i);
return std::string::operator[](i);
}
const char& operator[](unsigned int i) const
{
if (i<0||size()<=i) throw Range_error(i);
return std::string::operator[](i);
}
};
#ifndef _MSC_VER
namespace __gnu_cxx {
template<> struct hash<String>
{
size_t operator()(const String& s) const
{
return hash<std::string>()(s);
}
};
} // of namespace __gnu_cxx
#endif
struct Exit : runtime_error {
Exit(): runtime_error("Exit") {}
};
// error() simply disguises throws:
inline void error(const string& s)
{
throw runtime_error(s);
}
inline void error(const string& s, const string& s2)
{
error(s+s2);
}
inline void error(const string& s, int i)
{
ostringstream os;
os << s <<": " << i;
error(os.str());
}
#if _MSC_VER<1500
// disgusting macro hack to get a range checked string:
#define string String
// MS C++ 9.0 have a built-in assert for string range check
// and uses "std::string" in several places so that macro substitution fails
#endif
template<class T> char* as_bytes(T& i) // needed for binary I/O
{
void* addr = &i; // get the address of the first byte
// of memory used to store the object
return static_cast<char*>(addr); // treat that memory as bytes
}
inline void keep_window_open()
{
cin.clear();
cout << "Please enter a character to exit\n";
char ch;
cin >> ch;
return;
}
inline void keep_window_open(string s)
{
if (s=="") return;
cin.clear();
cin.ignore(120,'\n');
for (;;) {
cout << "Please enter " << s << " to exit\n";
string ss;
while (cin >> ss && ss!=s)
cout << "Please enter " << s << " to exit\n";
return;
}
}
// error function to be used (only) until error() is introduced in Chapter 5:
inline void simple_error(string s) // write ``error: s?? and exit program
{
cerr << "error: " << s << '\n';
keep_window_open(); // for some Windows environments
exit(1);
}
// make std::min() and std::max() accessible:
#undef min
#undef max
#include<iomanip>
inline ios_base& general(ios_base& b) // to augment fixed and scientific
{
b.setf(ios_base::fmtflags(0),ios_base::floatfield);
return b;
}
// run-time checked narrowing cast (type conversion):
template<class R, class A> R narrow_cast(const A& a)
{
R r = R(a);
if (A(r)!=a) error(string("info loss"));
return r;
}
inline int randint(int max) { return rand()%max; }
inline int randint(int min, int max) { return randint(max-min)+min; }
inline double sqrt(int x) { return sqrt(double(x)); } // to match C++0x
#endif
回答by TheSmartWon
There are several ways to fix it. You could just have the compiler ignore it in visual studio by writing
有几种方法可以修复它。您可以通过编写让编译器在 Visual Studio 中忽略它
#define _SILENCE_STDEXT_HASH_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS 1
#define _SILENCE_STDEXT_HASH_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS 1
at the top of his header file (and you'll likely be fine for the rest of his series).
在他的头文件的顶部（对于他的系列的其余部分，你可能会很好）。
You could also rewrite his header to instead of hash_mapuse unordered_map. I do not recommend this since you are new to programming, but some kind soul on Stack Overflow may do that for you and you can copy it (shouldn't be hard at all).
EDIT: T.C. has found it herein the comments section of your post.
您也可以将他的标头重写为而不是hash_map使用unordered_map. 我不推荐这个，因为你是编程新手，但 Stack Overflow 上的一些好心人可能会为你做这件事，你可以复制它（应该不难）。编辑：TC发现它这里在您的文章的评论部分。
Lastly, you could just include the necessary header files for whatever unit you are doing in the book, and manually write whatever functions he is using as you need them. In this case to access the cout function you need to write #include <iostream>at the top of your file, and then also write using namespace std;before your int main(). Alternatively, you could write std::cout << "Hello World!";without including using namespace std;, that's all it does. The final product would look like:
最后，你可以只为你在书中所做的任何单元包含必要的头文件，并根据需要手动编写他正在使用的任何函数。在这种情况下，要访问 cout 函数，您需要#include <iostream>在文件顶部写入，using namespace std;然后在int main(). 或者，您可以在std::cout << "Hello World!";不包含 的情况下编写using namespace std;，仅此而已。最终产品将如下所示：
#include <iostream> //for learning, it's probably better to know what each header file does before you use it. silly book.
using namespace std; //act like std:: is before function calls from that library
int main() //C++ programs start by executing the function main
{
cout <<"Hello, World!\n"; //output "Hello, World!"
cin.get(); //wait for a return character to be entered
return 0;
}
Seeing as to how you are posting on Stack Overflow to begin with and probably have a high aptitude for learning C++, I recommend doing the latter and trying to see exactly what his functions are doing once you get there in his book and afterwards doing a quick search on the internet for whatever cool things you want to learn.
看看你是如何开始在 Stack Overflow 上发帖的，并且可能有很高的学习 C++ 的天赋，我建议你做后者，并在你到达他的书中后尝试看看他的函数在做什么，然后做一个快速的在互联网上搜索你想学习的任何很酷的东西。
回答by TheSmartWon
回答by Τηλ?μαχο? Γουλ??
You can type in the source file the following
您可以在源文件中输入以下内容
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
inline void keep_window_open() { char ch; cin >> ch; }
or create a header file with those.
或者用这些创建一个头文件。
