list 如何在 Perl 中获取目录列表？
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How do I get a directory listing in Perl?
提问by user28280
I would like to execute lsin a Perl program as part of a CGI script. For this I used exec(ls), but this does not return from the execcall.
我想ls在 Perl 程序中作为 CGI 脚本的一部分执行。为此，我使用了exec(ls)，但这不会从exec调用中返回。
Is there a better way to get a listing of a directory in Perl?
有没有更好的方法来获取 Perl 中的目录列表？
回答by Leon Timmermans
Exec doesn't return at all. If you wanted that, use system.
Exec 根本不返回。如果需要，请使用系统。
If you just want to read a directory, open/read/close-dir may be more appropriate.
如果你只是想读取一个目录，open/read/close-dir 可能更合适。
opendir my($dh), $dirname or die "Couldn't open dir '$dirname': $!";
my @files = readdir $dh;
closedir $dh;
#print files...
回答by brian d foy
Everyone else seems stuck on the exec portion of the question.
其他人似乎都停留在问题的执行部分。
If you want a directory listing, use Perl's built-in globor opendir. You don't need a separate process.
如果您想要目录列表，请使用 Perl 的内置glob或opendir. 您不需要单独的过程。
回答by J.J.
execdoes not give control back to the perl program. systemwill, but it does not return the results of an ls, it returns a status code. tick marks ``will give you the output of our command, but is considered by some as unsafe.
exec不会将控制权交还给 perl 程序。 system会，但它不返回 ls 的结果，它返回一个状态代码。刻度线``会给你我们命令的输出，但被一些人认为是不安全的。
Use the built in dir functions. opendir, readdir, and so on.
使用内置的 dir 函数。opendir、readdir 等。
http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/opendir.html
http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/opendir.html
回答by holli
In order to get the output of a system command you need to use backticks.
为了获得系统命令的输出，您需要使用反引号。
$listing = `ls`;
However, Perl is good in dealing with directories for itself. I'd recommend using File::Find::Rule.
然而，Perl 擅长为自己处理目录。我建议使用 File::Find::Rule。
回答by Greg
Use Perl Globbing:
使用 Perl 通配符：
my $dir = </dir/path/*>
回答by dynax60
Yet another example:
再举一个例子：
chdir $dir or die "Cannot chroot to $dir: $!\n";
my @files = glob("*.txt");
回答by Octoberdan
EDIT: Whoops! I thought you just wanted a listing of the directories... remove the 'directory' call to make this script do what you want it to...
编辑：哎呀！我以为您只想要目录列表...删除“目录”调用以使此脚本执行您想要的操作...
Playing with filehandles is the wrong way to go in my opinion. The following is an example of using File::Find::Rule to find all the directories in a specified directory. It may seem like over kill for what you're doing, but later down the line it may be worth it.
在我看来，使用文件句柄是错误的方法。下面是使用 File::Find::Rule 查找指定目录中所有目录的示例。对于你正在做的事情来说，这似乎有点过头了，但后来它可能是值得的。
First, my one line solution:
首先，我的单行解决方案：
File::Find::Rule->maxdepth(1)->directory->in($base_dir);
Now a more drawn out version with comments. If you have File::Find::Rule installed you should be able to run this no problem. Don't fear the CPAN.
现在是一个带有评论的更详尽的版本。如果您安装了 File::Find::Rule，您应该能够运行它没有问题。不要害怕 CPAN。
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
# See http://search.cpan.org/~rclamp/File-Find-Rule-0.32/README
use File::Find::Rule;
# If a base directory was not past to the script, assume current working director
my $base_dir = shift // '.';
my $find_rule = File::Find::Rule->new;
# Do not descend past the first level
$find_rule->maxdepth(1);
# Only return directories
$find_rule->directory;
# Apply the rule and retrieve the subdirectories
my @sub_dirs = $find_rule->in($base_dir);
# Print out the name of each directory on its own line
print join("\n", @sub_dirs);
回答by JDrago
On Linux, I prefer find:
在 Linux 上，我更喜欢查找：
my @files = map { chomp; $_ } `find`;
回答by dsm
I would recommend you have a look at IPC::Open3. It allows for far more control over the spawned process than system or the backticks do.
我建议你看看IPC::Open3。与 system 或反引号相比，它允许对生成的进程进行更多的控制。
