C++ 如何使用 g++ 正确链接到静态库

How do you properly link to a static library using g++

提问by DivXZero

Solution: Thanks to everyone who commented on this issue, but I resolved it on another forum, and figured I would post the answer here for anybody having the same issue.

So, I guess only dynamic libraries make use of __declspec(dllexport), so when you try to create a static library, the methods are exported (an the names need to be mangled to be c++ compatible), so when declaring extern "C" __declspec.... you end up with method names that aren't recognized when trying to link statically.

So, simple fix.....remove the __declspec

解决方案：感谢对此问题发表评论的每个人，但我在另一个论坛上解决了这个问题，并认为我会在此处为遇到相同问题的任何人发布答案。

所以，我猜只有动态库使用 __declspec(dllexport)，所以当你尝试创建一个静态库时，方法被导出（名称需要被修改为与 C++ 兼容），所以在声明 extern "C" 时__declspec .... 尝试静态链接时，您最终会得到无法识别的方法名称。

所以，简单的修复.....删除 __declspec

I have 2 projects, one is a static library, the other is just a win32 application.

我有 2 个项目，一个是静态库，另一个只是一个 win32 应用程序。

I simply want to include the library I've created into my win32 application, however g++ keeps giving me this error:

我只是想将我创建的库包含到我的 win32 应用程序中，但是 g++ 一直给我这个错误：

../MyLib/TestClass.h:16: undefined reference to `imp__ZTV9TestClass'

../MyLib/TestClass.h:16: 未定义对 ` imp__ZTV9TestClass' 的引用

That is the error I get when trying to compile the application, even though that file is part of the library.

这是我在尝试编译应用程序时遇到的错误，即使该文件是库的一部分。

I have attempted to create the most simplified version of this project as possible in an attempt to find the error.

我试图尽可能地创建这个项目的最简化版本以试图找到错误。

Here are the source files for both projects:

以下是两个项目的源文件：

MyLib.h - This is the main include file for clients to reference functions in the library

MyLib.h - 这是客户端引用库中函数的主要包含文件

#ifndef MYLIB_H
#define MYLIB_H

#include "libexport.h"
#include "TestClass.h"

#endif  /* MYLIB_H */

libexport.h - Pretty generic file to define import/export keywords

libexport.h - 定义导入/导出关键字的通用文件

#ifndef LIBEXPORT_H
#define LIBEXPORT_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#ifdef LIB
#define DLL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define DLL_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif  /* LIBEXPORT_H */

TestClass.h

测试类.h

#ifndef TESTCLASS_H
#define TESTCLASS_H

#include "libexport.h"

class DLL_EXPORT TestClass
{
public:
    TestClass() {};
    virtual ~TestClass() {};

    void TestFunc();
};

#endif  /* TESTCLASS_H */

TestClass.cpp

测试类.cpp

#define LIB

#include <stdio.h>
#include "TestClass.h"

void TestClass::TestFunc()
{
    printf("This function was called from within the library.\n");
}

And lastly, the win32 application that implements the library:

最后，实现库的 win32 应用程序：

Main.cpp

主程序

#include <windows.h>
#include "../MyLib/MyLib.h"

#pragma comment(lib, "libmylib.a")

int __stdcall WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                      HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                      LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                      int nCmdShow)
{

    TestClass *myClass = new TestClass();

    delete myClass;
    myClass = 0;

    return 0;
}

The library compiles with no errors, however, here is the output when compiling the main application:

库编译没有错误，但是，这是编译主应用程序时的输出：

g++.exe    -c -g -MMD -MP -MF build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o.d -o build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o main.cpp
mkdir -p dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows
g++.exe     -mwindows -o dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows/testclient build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o -L../MyLib/dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows -lmylib 
build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o: In function `TestClass':
C:\Users\Nick\Documents\NetBeansProjects\TestClient/../MyLib/TestClass.h:16: undefined reference to `_imp___ZTV9TestClass'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/c/Users/Nick/Documents/NetBeansProjects/TestClient'
build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o: In function `~TestClass':
make[1]: Leaving directory `/c/Users/Nick/Documents/NetBeansProjects/TestClient'
C:\Users\Nick\Documents\NetBeansProjects\TestClient/../MyLib/TestClass.h:17: undefined reference to `_imp___ZTV9TestClass'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows/testclient.exe] Error 1
make[1]: *** [.build-conf] Error 2
make: *** [.build-impl] Error 2


BUILD FAILED (exit value 2, total time: 1s)

Most of the other posts I've seen regarding this topic say that the problem lies in the linking order, but even after adding -lmylib to the beginning of the compiler build line, the same errors persist:

我看过的大多数关于这个主题的其他帖子都说问题在于链接顺序，但即使在将 -lmylib 添加到编译器构建行的开头之后，同样的错误仍然存​​在：

g++.exe -lmylib -mwindows -o dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows/testclient build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o -L../MyLib/dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows -lmylib 
build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o: In function `TestClass':
C:\Users\Nick\Documents\NetBeansProjects\TestClient/../MyLib/TestClass.h:16: undefined reference to `_imp___ZTV9TestClass'

I really need help on this, I've built many dynamic libraries before using the above code, and it works with no problems, I can't understand why I'm having so much trouble building a simple static library. Any help is greatly appreciated.

我真的需要这方面的帮助，在使用上述代码之前我已经构建了许多动态库，并且它没有问题，我不明白为什么我在构建一个简单的静态库时遇到这么多麻烦。任何帮助是极大的赞赏。

采纳答案by DivXZero

Solution: Thanks to everyone who commented on this issue, but I resolved it on another forum, and figured out I would post the answer here for anybody having the same issue.

解决方案：感谢所有对此问题发表评论的人，但我在另一个论坛上解决了这个问题，并想我会在这里为遇到相同问题的任何人发布答案。

So, I guess only dynamic libraries make use of __declspec(dllexport), so when you try to create a static library, the methods are exported (an the names need to be mangled to be C++ compatible), so when declaring extern "C" __declspec....you end up with method names that aren't recognized when trying to link statically.

所以，我猜只有动态库会使用__declspec(dllexport)，所以当你尝试创建一个静态库时，方法被导出（名称需要被修改以与 C++ 兼容），所以当extern "C" __declspec....你声明你最终得到的方法名称不是尝试静态链接时无法识别。

So, simple fix: remove the __declspec

所以，简单的修复：删除 __declspec

回答by TeaOverflow

-L/path/to/library/and -lNameas g++ options worked for me. Do not specify the library name in the path/to/library.

-L/path/to/library/并且-lName因为 g++ 选项对我有用。不要在path/to/library.

回答by selalerer

Try putting -L and -l before main.o in the linking command line.

尝试在链接命令行中将 -L 和 -l 放在 main.o 之前。