macos 使用完整路径链接到 Mac 上的动态库
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Linking to a dynamic library on a Mac with full path
提问by dzhelil
I am linking a (Python extension) library that embeds the Matlab engine with the following command (generated using cmake)
我正在使用以下命令（使用 cmake 生成）链接嵌入 Matlab 引擎的（Python 扩展）库
c++ -mmacosx-version-min=10.6 -bundle -headerpad_max_install_names -o library.so library.o /Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64/libeng.dylib /Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64/libmx.dylib -framework Python
resulting in
导致
$ otool -L library.so
library.so:
@loader_path/libeng.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
@loader_path/libmx.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Python (compatibility version 2.6.0, current version 2.6.1)
/opt/local/lib/gcc44/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 7.13.0)
/opt/local/lib/gcc44/libgcc_s.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.0.0)
However, when I try to use the library, I get an error message:
但是，当我尝试使用该库时，我收到一条错误消息：
ImportError: dlopen(./library.so, 2): Library not loaded: @loader_path/libmex.dylib
Referenced from: ./library.so
Reason: image not found
I believe the problem stems from the fact that the linker includes the matlab dylib files in the form @loader_path/libeng.dylibrather than using the full path, even though I give the full path to g++. How can I force the linker to use the full path?
我相信问题源于这样一个事实，即链接器在表单中包含 matlab dylib 文件@loader_path/libeng.dylib而不是使用完整路径，即使我提供了g++. 如何强制链接器使用完整路径？
I know one solution is to use
我知道一种解决方案是使用
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
which is where those library files reside, but I'd like to avoid that as it causes some other problems.
这是那些库文件所在的位置，但我想避免这种情况，因为它会导致其他一些问题。
回答by dzhelil
Manually changing the files using install_name_tool
使用手动更改文件 install_name_tool
install_name_tool -change "@loader_path/libeng.dylib" "/Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64/libeng.dylib" library.so
install_name_tool -change "@loader_path/libmx.dylib" "/Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64/libmx.dylib" library.so
I could use this as a temporary fix, but I wonder if there isn't a better solution where the linker is given a setting to use the full paths.
我可以将其用作临时修复，但我想知道是否没有更好的解决方案，其中为链接器提供了使用完整路径的设置。
回答by quazgar
Note that some of the problems with DYLD_LIBRARY_PATHcan be prevented by using DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATHinstead. This will only be used if the lib cannot be found in the default paths.
请注意，DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH可以通过使用DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH代替来防止一些问题。仅当在默认路径中找不到 lib 时才会使用此选项。
回答by bmargulies
Look into the -rpath option to the ld command to control this. You might also be interested in the contents of https://github.com/bimargulies/jni-origin-testbed, which is a demonstration of some relevant technology.
查看 ld 命令的 -rpath 选项来控制它。您可能还对https://github.com/bimargulies/jni-origin-testbed的内容感兴趣，它是一些相关技术的演示。
The critical technique here is:
这里的关键技术是：
install_name_tool -change libsl2.so "@loader_path/libsl2.so" libsl1.so
回答by JM Marino
You can also use symbolic link !
您也可以使用符号链接！
