Python 复数字符串格式
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21872366/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
Plural String Formatting
提问by mhlester
Given a dictionary of ints, I'm trying to format a string with each number, and a pluralization of the item.
给定一个ints字典，我试图用每个数字和项目的复数来格式化一个字符串。
Sample input dict:
样本输入dict：
data = {'tree': 1, 'bush': 2, 'flower': 3, 'cactus': 0}
Sample output str:
示例输出str：
'My garden has 1 tree, 2 bushes, 3 flowers, and 0 cacti'
It needs to work with an arbitrary format string.
它需要使用任意格式的字符串。
The best solution I've come up with is a PluralItemclass to store two attributes, n(the original value), and s(the string 's'if plural, empty string ''if not). Subclassed for different pluralization methods
我想出的最佳解决方案是一个PluralItem存储两个属性的类，n（原始值）和s（'s'如果是复数''则为字符串，否则为空字符串）。针对不同的复数方法进行子类化
class PluralItem(object):
def __init__(self, num):
self.n = num
self._get_s()
def _get_s(self):
self.s = '' if self.n == 1 else 's'
class PluralES(PluralItem):
def _get_s(self):
self.s = 's' if self.n == 1 else 'es'
class PluralI(PluralItem):
def _get_s(self):
self.s = 'us' if self.n == 1 else 'i'
Then make a new dictthrough comprehension and a classesmapping:
然后dict通过理解和classes映射创建一个新的：
classes = {'bush': PluralES, 'cactus': PluralI, None: PluralItem}
plural_data = {key: classes.get(key, classes[None])(value) for key, value in data.items()}
Lastly, the format string, and implementation:
最后，格式字符串和实现：
formatter = 'My garden has {tree.n} tree{tree.s}, {bush.n} bush{bush.s}, {flower.n} flower{flower.s}, and {cactus.n} cact{cactus.s}'
print(formatter.format(**plural_data))
Outputs the following:
输出以下内容：
My garden has 1 tree, 2 bushes, 3 flowers, and 0 cacti
For such an undoubtedly common need, I'm hesitant to throw in the towel with such a convoluted solution.
对于这样一个毫无疑问的普遍需求，我很犹豫要不要放弃这样一个复杂的解决方案。
Is there a way to format a string like this using the built-in formatmethod, and minimal additional code? Pseudocode might be something like:
有没有办法使用内置format方法和最少的附加代码来格式化这样的字符串？伪代码可能类似于：
"{tree} tree{tree(s)}, {bush} bush{bush(es)}, {flower} flower{flower(s)}, {cactus} cact{cactus(i,us)}".format(data)
where parentheses return the contents if value is plural, or if contents has comma, means plural/singular
如果值是复数，或者如果内容有逗号，则括号返回内容，表示复数/单数
采纳答案by falsetru
Using custom formatter:
使用自定义格式化程序：
import string
class PluralFormatter(string.Formatter):
def get_value(self, key, args, kwargs):
if isinstance(key, int):
return args[key]
if key in kwargs:
return kwargs[key]
if '(' in key and key.endswith(')'):
key, rest = key.split('(', 1)
value = kwargs[key]
suffix = rest.rstrip(')').split(',')
if len(suffix) == 1:
suffix.insert(0, '')
return suffix[0] if value <= 1 else suffix[1]
else:
raise KeyError(key)
data = {'tree': 1, 'bush': 2, 'flower': 3, 'cactus': 0}
formatter = PluralFormatter()
fmt = "{tree} tree{tree(s)}, {bush} bush{bush(es)}, {flower} flower{flower(s)}, {cactus} cact{cactus(i,us)}"
print(formatter.format(fmt, **data))
Output:
输出：
1 tree, 2 bushes, 3 flowers, 0 cacti
UPDATE
更新
If you're using Python 3.2+ (str.format_mapwas added), you can use the idea of OP (see comment) that use customized dict.
如果您使用的是 Python 3.2+（str.format_map已添加），您可以使用使用自定义 dict 的 OP（见评论）的想法。
class PluralDict(dict):
def __missing__(self, key):
if '(' in key and key.endswith(')'):
key, rest = key.split('(', 1)
value = super().__getitem__(key)
suffix = rest.rstrip(')').split(',')
if len(suffix) == 1:
suffix.insert(0, '')
return suffix[0] if value <= 1 else suffix[1]
raise KeyError(key)
data = PluralDict({'tree': 1, 'bush': 2, 'flower': 3, 'cactus': 0})
fmt = "{tree} tree{tree(s)}, {bush} bush{bush(es)}, {flower} flower{flower(s)}, {cactus} cact{cactus(i,us)}"
print(fmt.format_map(data))
Output: same as above.
输出：同上。
回答by meawoppl
Check out the inflect package. It will pluralize things, as well as do a whole host of other linguistic trickery. There are too many situations to special-case these yourself!
查看inflect 包。它将使事物多元化，并进行大量其他语言技巧。有太多的情况需要自己特殊处理！
From the docs at the link above:
从上面链接中的文档：
import inflect
p = inflect.engine()
# UNCONDITIONALLY FORM THE PLURAL
print("The plural of ", word, " is ", p.plural(word))
# CONDITIONALLY FORM THE PLURAL
print("I saw", cat_count, p.plural("cat",cat_count))
For your specific example:
对于您的具体示例：
{print(str(count) + " " + p.pluralize(string, count)) for string, count in data.items() }
回答by Veedrac
I would go with something like
我会选择类似的东西
class Pluralizer:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
def __format__(self, formatter):
formatter = formatter.replace("N", str(self.value))
start, _, suffixes = formatter.partition("/")
singular, _, plural = suffixes.rpartition("/")
return "{}{}".format(start, singular if self.value == 1 else plural)
"There are {:N thing/s} which are made of {:/a cactus/N cacti}".format(Pluralizer(10), Pluralizer(1))
#>>> 'There are 10 things which are made of a cactus'
The format is always/singular/plural, which singular(then plural) optional.
格式为always/singular/plural，其中singular（然后plural）可选。
So
所以
"xyz/foo/bar".format(Pluralizer(1)) == "xyzfoo"
"xyz/foo/bar".format(Pluralizer(2)) == "xyzbar"
"xyz/bar".format(Pluralizer(1)) == "xyz"
"xyz/bar".format(Pluralizer(2)) == "xyzbar"
"xyz".format(Pluralizer(1)) == "xyz"
"xyz".format(Pluralizer(2)) == "xyz"
Then for your example one just does:
那么对于你的例子，一个就是：
data = {'tree': 1, 'bush': 2, 'flower': 3, 'cactus': 0}
string = 'My garden has {tree:N tree/s}, {bush:N bush/es}, {flower:N flower/s}, and {cactus:N cact/us/i}'
string.format_map({k: Pluralizer(v) for k, v in data.items()})
#>>> 'My garden has 1 tree, 2 bushes, 3 flowers, and 0 cacti'
回答by markushinsche
Django users have pluralize, a function used in templates:
Django 用户有pluralize一个在模板中使用的函数：
You have {{ num_messages }} message{{ num_messages|pluralize }}.
But you can import this into your code and call it directly:
但是您可以将其导入到您的代码中并直接调用它：
from django.template.defaultfilters import pluralize
f'You have {num_messages} message{pluralize(num_messages)}.'
'You have {} message{}.'.format(num_messages, pluralize(num_messages))
'You have %d message%s' % (num_messages, pluralize(num_messages))
回答by Eli Chan
I was inspired by the answers above, particularly @Veedrac's, to create a Plurality utility:
我受到上述答案的启发，特别是@Veedrac，创建了一个 Plurality 实用程序：
https://gist.github.com/elidchan/40baea13bb91193a326e3a8c4cbcaeb9
https://gist.github.com/elidchan/40baea13bb91193a326e3a8c4cbcaeb9
Features:
特征：
- Customizable number-indexed templates (e.g. see 'vague' below)
- Numbers and support for $n template tokens
- Singular/plural forms (e.g. 'cact/us/i') and support for $thing/$things template tokens
- Indefinite article capability (inspired by https://stackoverflow.com/a/20337527/4182210) and support for $a template token
- Left/right string concatenation
- Partials with any subset of number, forms, and templates
- Partial completion via call() or format string
- 可定制的数字索引模板（例如，参见下面的“模糊”）
- 数字和对 $n 模板令牌的支持
- 单数/复数形式（例如“cact/us/i”）和对 $thing/$things 模板标记的支持
- 不定冠词功能（受https://stackoverflow.com/a/20337527/4182210启发）并支持 $a 模板令牌
- 左/右字符串连接
- 具有数字、形式和模板的任何子集的部分
- 通过 call() 或格式字符串部分完成
From the docstring:
从文档字符串：
"""
Usage:
>>> from utils.verbiage import Plurality
>>> f"We have {Plurality(0, 'g/oose/eese')}."
'We have 0 geese.'
>>> f"We have {Plurality(1, 'g/oose/eese')}."
'We have 1 goose.'
>>> f"We have {Plurality(2, 'g/oose/eese')}."
'We have 2 geese.'
>>> oxen = Plurality('ox/en')
>>> oxen.template_formatter
'1=$n $thing;n=$n $things'
>>> f"We have {oxen(0)}."
'We have 0 oxen.'
>>> f"We have {oxen(1)}."
'We have 1 ox.'
>>> f"We have {oxen(2)}."
'We have 2 oxen.'
>>> cows = Plurality('/cow/kine', '0=no $things', '1=$a $thing')
>>> cows.template_formatter
'0=no $things;1=a $thing;n=$n $things'
>>> f"We have {cows(0)}."
'We have no kine.'
>>> f"We have {cows(1)}."
'We have a cow.'
>>> f"We have {cows(2)}."
'We have 2 kine.'
>>> 'We have {:0=no $things;0.5=half $a $thing}.'.format(Plurality(0, 'octop/us/odes'))
'We have no octopodes.'
>>> 'We have {:octop/us/odes;0=no $things;0.5=half $a $thing}.'.format(Plurality(0.5))
'We have half an octopus.'
>>> 'We have {:4;octop/us/odes;0=no $things;0.5=half $a $thing}.'.format(Plurality())
'We have 4 octopodes.'
>>> data = {'herb': 1, 'bush': 2, 'flower': 3, 'cactus': 0}
>>> s = "We have {herb:herb/s}, {bush:bush/es}, {flower:flower/s}, and {cactus:cact/us/i}."
>>> s.format_map({k: Plurality(v) for k, v in data.items()})
'We have 1 herb, 2 bushes, 3 flowers, and 0 cacti.'
>>> vague = Plurality('0=no $things;1=$a $thing;2=a couple $things;n=some $things')
>>> s.format_map({k: vague(v) for k, v in data.items()})
'We have an herb, a couple bushes, some flowers, and no cacti.'
"""
回答by Rusca8
If there's a limited number of words you're gonna pluralize, I found it easier to have them as lists [singular, plural], and then make a small function that returns the index given the amount:
如果您要复数化的单词数量有限，我发现将它们作为列表更容易[singular, plural]，然后创建一个小函数，返回给定数量的索引：
def sp(num):
if num == 1:
return 0
else:
return 1
Then it works like this:
然后它的工作方式如下：
str = f"Hi I have bought 2 {lemon[sp(2)]}"
And actually you can get a lot of them at once if you split the word:
事实上，如果你把这个词分开，你可以一次得到很多：
s = ["","s"]
str = f"Hi I have 1 cow{s[sp(1)]}"
