Bash：如何遍历目录结构并执行命令？
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Bash: how to traverse directory structure and execute commands?
提问by Brian Lyttle
I have split a large text file into a number of sets of smaller ones for performance testing that i'm doing. There are a number of directories like this:
我已将一个大文本文件拆分为多组较小的文件，用于我正在执行的性能测试。有很多这样的目录：
/home/brianly/output-02 (contains 2 files myfile.chunk.00 and myfile.chunk.01)
/home/brianly/output-04 (contains 4 files...)
/home/brianly/output-06 (contains 6 files...)
It's important to note that there is an increasing number of files in each directory. What I need to do is run an executable against each of the text files in the output directories. The command looks something like this against a single file:
需要注意的是，每个目录中的文件数量都在增加。我需要做的是针对输出目录中的每个文本文件运行一个可执行文件。该命令针对单个文件如下所示：
./myexecutable -i /home/brianly/output-02/myfile.chunk.00 -o /home/brianly/output-02/myfile.chunk.00.processed
Here the -i parameter is the input file and -o parameter is the output location.
这里 -i 参数是输入文件， -o 参数是输出位置。
In C# I'd loop over the directories get the list of files in each folder, then loop over them to run the commandlines. How do I traverse a directory structure like this using bash, and execute the command with the correct parameters based on the location and files in that location?
在 C# 中，我会遍历目录以获取每个文件夹中的文件列表，然后遍历它们以运行命令行。如何使用 bash 遍历这样的目录结构，并根据位置和该位置的文件使用正确的参数执行命令？
采纳答案by Lars Haugseth
For this kind of thing I always use findtogether with xargs:
对于这种事情，我总是将find与xargs一起使用：
$ find output-* -name "*.chunk.??" | xargs -I{} ./myexecutable -i {} -o {}.processed
Now since your script processes only one file at a time, using -exec(or -execdir) directly with find, as already suggested, is just as efficient, but I'm used to using xargs, as that's generally much more efficient when feeding a command operating on many arguments at once. Thus it's a very useful tool to keep in one's utility belt, so I thought it ought to be mentioned.
现在，由于您的脚本一次只处理一个文件，因此直接将-exec（或-execdir）与find 一起使用，正如已经建议的那样，同样有效，但我习惯使用xargs，因为这通常在喂食时效率更高一次对多个参数进行操作的命令。因此它是一个非常有用的工具，可以放在一个人的实用腰带上，所以我认为应该提到它。
回答by nikudesu
Something like:
就像是：
for x in `find /home/brianonly -type f`
do
./yourexecutable -i $x -o $x.processed
done
回答by Adam Rosenfield
As others have suggested, use find(1):
正如其他人所建议的，使用find(1)：
# Find all files named 'myfile.chunk.*' but NOT named 'myfile.chunk.*.processed'
# under the directory tree rooted at base-directory, and execute a command on
# them:
find base-directory -name 'output.*' '!' -name 'output.*.processed' -exec ./myexecutable -i '{}' -o '{}'.processed ';'
回答by ephemient
From the information provided, it sounds like this would be a completely straightforward translation of your C# idea.
从提供的信息来看，这听起来像是对您的 C# 想法的完全直截了当的翻译。
for i in /home/brianly/output-*; do
for j in "$i/"*.[0-9][0-9]; do
./myexecutable -i "$j" -o "$j.processed"
done
done
