git 如何检查远程文件中是否存在文件？
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How do I check if a file exists in a remote?
提问by zaza
Is there a way to check if a file under specified, relative path exist in a remote? I'm fine with fetching the info first if it's the only option. In other words I'm looking for git-ls-files with an option to specify remote and branch. I'm only interested if the file exists (a list of files on the branch will do as well), I don't care about hashes, diffs etc.
有没有办法检查远程中是否存在指定的相对路径下的文件？如果这是唯一的选择，我可以先获取信息。换句话说，我正在寻找带有指定远程和分支选项的 git-ls-files。我只对文件是否存在感兴趣（分支上的文件列表也可以），我不关心哈希、差异等。
回答by earl
You can use
您可以使用
git cat-file -e <remote>:<filename>
which will exit with zero when the file exists. Instead of <remote>above you'd use a remote branch name (but it could in fact be any tree-ish object reference). To use such a remote branch, you'll need to have the remote repository configured and fetched (i.e. by using git remote add+ git fetch).
当文件存在时，它将以零退出。<remote>您可以使用远程分支名称而不是上面的名称（但实际上它可以是任何树状对象引用）。要使用这样的远程分支，您需要配置和获取远程存储库（即使用git remote add+ git fetch）。
A concrete example:
一个具体的例子：
$ git cat-file -e origin/master:README && echo README exists
README exists
$ git cat-file -e origin/master:FAILME
fatal: Not a valid object name origin/master:FAILME
Two things to note:
有两点需要注意：
- Use
/as path delimiter in filenames, even on e.g. Windows. <filename>is a full path (such asfoo/bar/README), relative to the root of the repository.
- 使用
/在文件名路径分隔符，即使是在如Windows。 <filename>是foo/bar/README相对于存储库根目录的完整路径（例如）。
回答by Chris Johnsen
You can use git archiveto access individual files without downloading any other part of a repository:
您可以使用git archive来访问单个文件，而无需下载存储库的任何其他部分：
if git archive --format=tar \
--remote=<remote_name-or-URL> master README >/dev/null; then
echo 'master has README'
else
echo 'master does not have README (or other error)'
fi
The archive service (upload-archive) may not be enabled on all servers or repositories though, you will have to test it for the servers and repositories that you need to access.
存档服务 ( upload-archive) 可能不会在所有服务器或存储库上启用，但您必须针对需要访问的服务器和存储库对其进行测试。
If the archive service is not available, you will have to fetch objects through normal means.
如果存档服务不可用，您将不得不通过正常方式获取对象。
If you do not already have a remote setup for the repository in question you can do a “shallow” fetch into FETCH_HEAD (this needs to be done in a Git repository, but it can be completely unrelated or even empty):
如果您还没有相关存储库的远程设置，您可以对 FETCH_HEAD 执行“浅”获取（这需要在 Git 存储库中完成，但它可以完全不相关甚至是空的）：
git fetch --depth=1 remote_name-or-URL master
if git rev-parse --verify --quiet FETCH_HEAD:README >/dev/null; then
echo "repository's master has README"
else
echo "repository's master does not have README"
fi
If you have a remote defined for the repository, then you probably just want to update it and access the file through the normal remote-tracking branches:
如果您为存储库定义了远程，那么您可能只想更新它并通过正常的远程跟踪分支访问文件：
git fetch remote_name
if git rev-parse --verify --quiet remote_name/master:README >/dev/null; then
echo "remote's master has README"
else
echo "remote's master does not have README"
fi
